Category: White Papers

The World’s Most Powerful Science Backed Ingredient.

Intermittent fasting is America’s #1 followed lifestyle diet. Put simply, Intermittent Fasting is an established daily eating plan that switches between fasting and eating on a regular schedule. In 2020, 24% of USA adults, approximately 62,000,000 had tried intermittent fasting! Intermittent fasting is now the most popular diet, over taking the highly popular keto diet.

There are key reasons why people choose to practice intermittent fasting, including:

1. Weight loss: Intermittent fasting can help individuals lose weight by reducing their calorie intake and increasing their metabolic rate. Fat loss is highly oriented towards reducing visceral fat. Lower insulin levels, higher HGH levels, and increased amounts of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) all increase the breakdown of body fat and facilitate its use for energy and jump starts lipolysis leading to Ketosis, the burning of fat for energy.
2. Improved insulin sensitivity: Intermittent fasting can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, which can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
   
3. Enhanced brain function: Some studies suggest that intermittent fasting can improve cognitive function and protect against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. What’s good for the body is often good for the brain as well. Intermittent fasting improves various metabolic features known to be important for brain health. Intermittent fasting helps:
   • improve focus and memory
   • increase BDNF neurotropic factor
   • reduce oxidative stress
   • reduce inflammation
   • generate ketones
   • reduce blood sugar levels
     
4. Reduced inflammation: Intermittent fasting can reduce inflammation in the body, which may lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
   Improved longevity: Some animal studies suggest that intermittent fasting can increase lifespan and delay the onset of age-related diseases. Two of the key longevity targets are the reduction in Reactive Oxygen Species and inflammation in the body. ROS causes aging and many chronic diseases. It involves unstable molecules called free radicals. Free radicals react with other important molecules, such as protein and DNA, and damage them. It is also a major contributor to inflammation.
   
5. Induces Autophagy and various cellular repair processes: When we fast, the cells in the body initiate Autophagy, a cellular “waste removal” process. This involves the cells breaking down and metabolizing broken and dysfunctional proteins that build up inside cells over time. Increased autophagy provides protection against diseases and creates a “clean playing field” for new cell growth.
   
6. Heart Health: Heart disease is currently the world’s biggest killer. Intermittent fasting has been shown to improve numerous risk factors of heart disease, including:
   • blood sugar levels
   • blood pressure
   • blood triglycerides
   • total cholesterol and LDL (bad) cholesterol
   • inflammatory markers

THE GENERAL CHALLENGES OF INTERMITTENT FASTING

While intermittent fasting can offer great health benefits, it can also pose some tough challenges, including:

• Hunger and cravings: Some individuals may experience hunger and cravings during the fasting periods, which can make it difficult to adhere to the fasting schedule.
• Fatigue: Many individuals experience fatigue due to a depletion of glucose and an underproduction of ketones during the fasting period. This leads to a hypoglycemic and hypo ketonemic state where the body lacks energy.
• Initial discomfort: During the initial stages of intermittent fasting, individuals may experience discomfort as their body adjusts to the new eating pattern.
• Nutrient deficiencies: If individuals do not consume enough nutrients during the eating periods, they may experience nutrient deficiencies and other health problems.
• Risk of overeating: Some individuals may be tempted to overeat during the eating periods, which can negate the benefits of the fasting periods.
• Dehydration: Some individuals do not drink enough water during an intermittent fast resulting in their body’s becoming low in key electrolytes.

THE GENDER CHALLENGES OF INTERMITTENT FASTING

While intermittent fasting can offer great health benefits to both men and women, a significant complaint from intermittent fasting women is they do not see the same early weight loss results that is achieved by men. While this has been observable, It is also important to note that “success” with intermittent fasting can be measured in other ways than weight loss. Other potential benefits, such as improved metabolic health or increased longevity, are both benefits for men and women.

However, in recognition of the often described differences of intermittent fasting for women versus men, there are some key biological and hormonal differences between men and women that could potentially impact the effectiveness of intermittent fasting:

• Menstrual Cycle: Women’s bodies go through a monthly hormonal cycle that can influence hunger, metabolism, and energy levels. Some women find that fasting is more challenging during certain parts of their cycle.
• Body Composition: On average, men have a higher proportion of muscle mass compared to women. Since muscle burns more calories than fat, men might potentially lose weight more quickly or easily with intermittent fasting.
• Hormonal Balance: Fasting can impact hormone levels. In women, prolonged fasting may potentially disrupt hormonal balance, leading to issues like missed periods or fertility problems.
• Metabolic Rate: Men often have a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) than women because they tend to have more lean muscle mass. This higher BMR means that men can often consume more calories while still maintaining or losing weight, which might make fasting easier.

THE ROLE OF goBHB IN MITIGATING THE CHALLENGES AND ENHANCING INTERMITTENT FASTING

During an intermittent fast, the body begins to burn stored fat for energy, which leads to an increase in ketone production, especially BHB. Typically, after an overnight fast, the body will start producing ketones, including BHB, within a few hours. The levels of BHB in the blood will then gradually increase over time, peaking after 24-72 hours of fasting. While the levels of BHB after 16 hours of fasting can vary widely between individuals, studies have shown that typically, after 12-24 hours of fasting, BHB levels can range from 0.2 to 1.5 mmol/L.

The hallmark mechanisms of fasting are the increase of BHB and reduced caloric intake. Coupled together they form the basis for producing all the benefits derived during an intermittent fast. The greater the BHB, the greater the benefits.

And while your body makes a limited number of ketones during your fasting hours, they aren’t enough to always overcome the Challenges and deliver all the benefits mentioned above.

Using goBHB to boost your Intermittent Fasting provides:

• The ONLY real macronutrient energy that can be taken during a fast that DOESN’T break the fast, thus eliminating tiredness and the feeling of a lack of energy.
• BHB Ketones suppress appetite and cravings.
• BHB Ketones improve mood, and the feeling of well-being.
• BHB Ketones provide needed hydration.
• BHB Ketones aid the body in entering and sustaining the critical states of ketosis and autophagy.
• BHB Ketones FEED THE BRAIN!

While recognizing the biological and physiological differences between men and women, these differences can affect how each gender responds to intermittent fasting. In addition to adding energy and nutrition, there are several strategies that women can also utilize to optimize their experience and results:

• Stay Hydrated and Well-Nourished: During your fast and your eating windows, focus on energy levels. During your fast make sure your ketone levels are well above 0.5mmol/l and during your fasting window eat nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other key nutrients. Utilize BHB throughout your day to help keep your energy levels high and stable. BHB will also provide much needed electrolytes.
  
• Adapt Gradually: Instead of jumping straight into a rigorous fasting schedule, you might find it easier to gradually extend the length of your overnight fast. This could help your body adjust to the new eating pattern more smoothly.
  
• Choose a Suitable Fasting Schedule: There are various types of intermittent fasting, and not all of them may suit everyone equally. Some women find that less intense forms of fasting, such as the 5:2 diet or a 14:10 fasting to eating ratio, can be more manageable and beneficial.
  
• Monitor Hormonal Health: If you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle, mood, or other signs that could indicate hormonal disruption, consider consulting a healthcare provider. Adjusting your fasting schedule or taking other steps may be necessary.
  
• Combine with Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve your metabolic health and assist with weight management. Try to find a type of exercise that you enjoy and that fits into your schedule.
  
• Listen to Your Body: Everyone’s body reacts differently to intermittent fasting. If you’re feeling overly stressed, fatigued, or hungry, it might be a sign that you need to adjust your approach. It’s essential to prioritize your overall well-being over sticking strictly to a fasting schedule.
  
• Manage Stress and Sleep: Stress and lack of sleep can impact your hormones and make it more difficult to lose weight. Incorporating stress management techniques like meditation or yoga and ensuring you get enough quality sleep can support your intermittent fasting goals.
  

THE STUDIES AND SCIENCE BEHIND USING goBHB DURING AN INTERMITTENT FAST

Raises Blood Ketone Levels. Ketones are high energy molecules used for fuel during periods of fasting. Ketones not only supply a high level of cellular energy to create ATP, they are also potent signaling molecules with major effects on cell and organ functions and could be linked to epigenetic switching governing metabolic health.

When you fast, your body activates Ketogenesis that increases the level of your blood ketones putting your body into a highly beneficial metabolic state called “ketosis.” Ketosis activates a variety of cellular signaling pathways known to influence health and aging.

• Improves Metabolic Flexibility. Intermittent fasting allows improved metabolic flexibility, where the body switches its energy source from glucose to ketones to glucose and so on. This repeated exposure to fasting periods results in lasting adaptive energy responses that confer resistance to subsequent health and environmental challenges and improves mental and physical performance. The “broad-spectrum benefits” of intermittent fasting make this one of if not the most powerful lifestyle diets for improving health, resisting disease and impacting aging.
• Reduces Insulin levels. Blood levels of insulin significantly lower, which facilitates fat burning and hunger control. The impact of ketones also carries over to the non-fasting period and can continue to improve glucose regulation, increase stress resistance and suppress inflammation.
• Promotes Cellular repair and autophagy. The body induces important cellular repair processes, such as removing waste material from cells. Autophagy is your body’s cellular recycling system. It allows a cell to disassemble its junk parts and repurpose the salvageable bits and pieces into new, usable cell parts. A cell can discard the parts it doesn’t need. Autophagy is essentially “quality control for your cells.”
• Gene expression (epigenetics). There are beneficial changes in several genes and molecules related to longevity and protection against disease.
• Improves the function of mitochondrial cells. The powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondria. As the cell is cleared of “junk” through autophagy, the cellular function of the mitochondria improves its efficiency in producing cellular energy in the form of ATP.

CONCLUSION

goBHB is the ONLY energy rich macronutrient fuel that you can take that DOESN’T break your fast, that overcomes the Challenges of Intermittent Fasting while enhancing all the benefits your body gets from being in a fasting state.

REFERENCES

1. “Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney” https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013/full, Frontiers in Nutrition 2020
2. “On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans” Stubbs et al, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00848/full Frontiers in Nutrition 2017
3. “B-hydroxybutyrate and its metabolic effects on age-associated pathology” Han et al. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 2020. https:// www.nature.com/articles/s12276-020-0415-z
4. “Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes” Cox et al. Cell Metabolism 2017. https:// www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(16)30355- 2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier. com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1550413116303552%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
5. “Exogenous ketone supplementation: an emerging tool for physiologists with potential as a metabolic therapy” Experimental Physiology 2022, Falkenhain et al. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/ EP090430
6. “Exogenous Ketones as Therapeutic Signaling Molecules in HighStress Occupations: Implications for Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Future Research” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights Waldman et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC7734540/
7. “Exogenous ketosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Safety, tolerability and effect on glycaemic control” Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 2021 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/edm2.264
8. “Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” Advanced Nutrition 2022 Falkenhain et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC9526861/
9. “Upregulation of hepatic autophagy under nutritional ketosis” Likiewicz et al. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/33705944/
10. “Ketogenic diet reduces mid-life mortality and improves memory in aging mice
11. “ Newman et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605815/
12. “Ketone bodies: from enemy to friend and guardian angel” BMC Medicine 2021Kolb et al. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s12916-021-02185-0
13. “The addition of ketone bodies alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring complex I assembly in a MELAS cellular model” Frey et al. Molecular Basis of Disease Journal, 2017 https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0925443916302812
14. Ketogenic Diets and Mitochondrial Function: Benefits for Aging But Not for Athletes” Pathak et al. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 2023

The World’s Most Powerful Science Backed Ingredient.

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) Electrolytes are the world’s most powerful science backed ingredients for improving hydration for everyday support, sports and fitness. This paper details the mechanisms by which BHB Electrolytes influence hydration, evaluate their efficacy compared to traditional electrolyte supplementation, and discuss their potential benefits and potential applications in developing the most advanced hydration products ever made.

This paper will be addressing the following:

• Background on hydration and electrolyte balance
• Mechanisms of BHB Electrolytes in Hydration
  • Ketone bodies and their role in cellular metabolism
  • BHB as a source of electrolytes
  • Potential impact on osmoregulation and fluid balance
• Efficacy of BHB Electrolytes in Hydration
  • Comparative studies on BHB Electrolytes and traditional electrolyte supplementation
  • Evidence of improved hydration markers and performance outcomes
• Benefits of BHB Electrolytes for Hydration
  • Potential benefits for athletic performance and recovery
  • Possible applications in medical and health settings
• Future Directions and Applications
  • Optimization of BHB Electrolyte formulations for hydration
  • Investigating the synergistic effects of BHB Electrolytes with other electrolytes and supplements
  • Exploring the potential of BHB Electrolytes in the context of hydration for specific populations (e.g., elderly, individuals with chronic illnesses)
  • Personalized hydration strategies incorporating BHB Electrolytes

BACKGROUND ON HYDRATION AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

Hydration is a critical component of overall health and is especially important for athletes and individuals engaged in physical activity. Optimal hydration status helps maintain body temperature, transports nutrients, removes waste products, and promotes optimal cellular function. Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, play a crucial role in maintaining hydration, as they regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve impulses.

Achieving optimal electrolyte balance for maintaining proper hydration involves:

• Sodium intake: Sodium plays a key role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. The American Heart Association recommends a daily sodium intake of no more than 2,300 mg for healthy adults, with an ideal limit of 1,500 mg for most individuals, particularly those with high blood pressure or at risk for cardiovascular disease.
• Potassium intake: Potassium helps maintain cellular fluid balance and supports proper muscle and nerve function. The recommended daily intake for potassium is 2,600 mg for adult women and 3,400 mg for adult men.
• Magnesium intake: Magnesium is essential for nerve function, muscle contractions, and energy production. The recommended daily intake for adult women is 310-320 mg, and for adult men, it’s 400-420 mg.
• Calcium intake: Calcium is crucial for nerve function, muscle contractions, and bone health. The recommended daily intake for adults aged 19-50 years is 1,000 mg, while adults aged 51 and older should aim for 1,200 mg.
• Adequate hydration: Ensure proper fluid intake to support electrolyte balance and overall hydration. Water is the primary fluid for maintaining hydration, but other beverages and foods with high water content can also contribute.
• Adjusting electrolyte intake based on individual needs: Factors such as physical activity, climate, and overall health status can influence electrolyte requirements. Athletes or individuals engaging in intense physical activity, for example, may need to consume additional electrolytes to replace those lost through sweat.

Consuming unbalanced amounts of electrolytes, such as too much sodium and or not enough potassium, can pose several stresses and potential health risks to the body. While electrolytes are essential for maintaining proper hydration and supporting numerous other physiological processes, the key to homeostasis is maintaining a balance between your electrolytes.

Some potential risks associated with unbalanced electrolyte intake include

• Hypernatremia: Consuming excessive amounts of sodium can lead to hypernatremia or high blood sodium levels. The average American consumes an average of 3,400mg of sodium versus the US RDA of 2,300mg. This condition can cause increased thirst, swelling, high blood pressure, and in severe cases, neurological symptoms, seizures, or coma.
• Hypokalemia: Under consumption of potassium can result in in weakness, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, cramps, and high blood pressure. 88% of Americans suffer from hypokalemia and need more potassium in their diets.
• Hypomagnesemia: Most people are not getting enough magnesium with their diet. Magnesium is vital for various bodily functions, including energy production, nerve function, muscle contractions, and bone health. Dietary sources of magnesium include whole grains, leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes. According to the NHANES data, a large proportion of the U.S. population does not meet the recommended daily intake for magnesium. Supplementation becomes critical here.
• Hypocalcemia: Most people do not get enough calcium in their diets. Calcium is essential for healthy bones and teeth, nerve function, muscle function, and blood clotting. Dairy products are the primary dietary source of calcium for most people. Other good sources of calcium include leafy green vegetables, fortified plant-based milks, fortified juices, and some types of fish. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data indicates that a significant percentage of Americans do not meet the recommended daily intake for calcium, especially adolescent girls and adult women.
• Fluid imbalances: Excessive electrolyte intake, especially sodium, can disrupt fluid balance, leading to dehydration or taking in too much water can cause overhydration (water intoxication). Both conditions can have serious consequences, as they lead to electrolyte imbalances, cognitive impairment, seizures, or even death. Keeping your electrolytes balanced is fundamental to good health and homeostasis.
• Kidney stress: The kidneys are responsible for regulating electrolyte balance and eliminating excess electrolytes from the body. Consuming excessive or not enough electrolytes or too little or too much water can place significant stress on the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney damage or exacerbating pre-existing kidney conditions.

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced during periods of carbohydrate restriction or fasting. BHB electrolytes, which are formed by combining BHB with minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium, have recently gained attention as a tool for enhancing hydration. By coupling these minerals directly to BHB it now provides the ability to administer high cellular energy with hydration. This dual action may enhance electrolyte absorption, balance fluid retention, and thereby improve overall hydration status.

MECHANISMS OF BHB ELECTROLYTES IN HYDRATION

Ketone bodies and their role in cellular metabolism. Ketone bodies, including BHB, are produced in the liver as an alternative energy source when glucose is scarce. Ketones have been shown to be the body’s preferred fuel. They are readily utilized by the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. BHB contributes to energy production by providing a high energy fuel source, and when coupled with electrolytes could potentially improve athletic performance and endurance.

BHB electrolytes as a source of electrolytes. BHB electrolytes contain essential electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, which are crucial for maintaining fluid balance and preventing dehydration. These minerals directly dissociate on ingestion and can help to immediately replenish electrolyte stores and reduce the risk of electrolyte imbalances during intense physical activity or in hot environments.

Potential impact on osmoregulation and fluid balance. Osmoregulation is the maintenance between water and dissolved electrolytes in promoting homeostasis. BHB electrolytes may positively influence osmoregulation by promoting water retention and electrolyte balance.

EFFICACY OF BHB ELECTROLYTES IN HYDRATION

Comparative studies on BHB electrolytes and traditional electrolyte supplementation. Some studies have shown that BHB electrolytes can improve hydration markers, such as blood osmolality and urine specific gravity, compared to traditional electrolyte solutions.

There are several advantages to using Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) in providing electrolytes. When BHB is used as the anion in administering say sodium as an electrolyte, it can offer certain advantages compared to using chloride as the anion:

• High cellular energy source: BHB is the body’s preferred fuel. It provides a higher ATP energy source for the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles, particularly when glucose availability is limited. This is especially beneficial in situations where the body’s glycogen stores are low or depleted, such as during exercise, fasting, or dieting.
• Potential anti-inflammatory effects: BHB has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties, as it may inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, a complex involved in the activation of inflammatory processes. This could be advantageous in reducing inflammation associated with exercise-induced stress or certain medical conditions.
• Improved metabolic efficiency: Studies have suggested that BHB may improve metabolic efficiency by promoting fat oxidation and reducing the body’s reliance on carbohydrates for energy. This could help preserve glycogen stores and potentially enhance endurance performance in athletes.
• Appetite regulation: Some research indicates that BHB may help suppress appetite by modulating levels of the hunger hormone, ghrelin. This could be advantageous for individuals looking to maintain a calorie deficit or control their appetite.
• Neuroprotective effects: BHB has been suggested to possess neuroprotective properties due to its ability to provide an alternative fuel source for the brain and its potential antiinflammatory effects. This could be beneficial in the context of certain neurological disorders or brain injuries.

Evidence of improved hydration markers and performance outcomes. Some studies have reported improvements in hydration markers and athletic performance with BHB electrolyte supplementation, including reduced fatigue, increased endurance, and faster recovery.

BENEFITS OF BHB ELECTROLYTES FOR HYDRATION

Potential benefits for athletic performance and recovery. BHB electrolyte supplementation may improve athletic performance by providing an alternative energy source, enhancing hydration, and promoting faster recovery. This could be particularly beneficial for athletes participating in high-intensity training.

Possible applications in medical and health settings. BHB electrolytes may have potential applications beyond sports and fitness, such as in medical and health settings where maintaining optimal hydration is crucial.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND APPLICATIONS

Optimization of BHB electrolyte formulations for hydration. As research on BHB electrolytes and hydration progresses, there is potential for the development of more effective and targeted formulations. This could include adjusting the ratios of various electrolytes, incorporating other supplements or ingredients that enhance hydration, and tailoring formulations to specific populations or situations.

Investigating the synergistic effects of BHB electrolytes with other electrolytes and supplements. Future research will explore the potential synergistic effects of BHB electrolytes when combined with other electrolytes and/or hydration-promoting supplements. This might include investigating the combined effects of BHB electrolytes and traditional sports drinks or incorporating other ingredients, such as amino acids, antioxidants, or carbohydrates, that may enhance hydration and performance.

Exploring the potential of BHB electrolytes in the context of hydration for specific populations. Further investigation will help determine how to increase efficacy and safety of BHB electrolyte supplementation for hydration in specific populations, such as the elderly, individuals with chronic illnesses, or those with specific dietary needs. BHB electrolytes may offer unique benefits for these populations, including improved cognitive function, reduced inflammation, or enhanced recovery from illness or injury. Additionally, BHB electrolytes could potentially be used in space travel, military applications, or disaster relief situations, where maintaining hydration and energy levels is critical.

Personalized hydration strategies incorporating BHB electrolytes. As the understanding of individual differences in describing hydration needs grows, there will be potential for the development of personalized hydration strategies that incorporate BHB electrolytes. This could involve tailoring BHB electrolyte supplementation based on factors such as genetics, physiology, environment, and activity level to optimize hydration and performance for everyone.

CONCLUSION

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) electrolytes have emerged as a promising tool for enhancing hydration, particularly in the context of sports, fitness, and other situations where maintaining optimal hydration is critical. BHB electrolytes improves hydration by providing a powerful energy source (BHB) with essential electrolytes. Some studies have shown positive effects on hydration markers and athletic performance.

REFERENCES

1. “Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney” https://www. frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013/full, Frontiers in Nutrition 2020
2. “On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans” Stubbs et al, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00848/full Frontiers in Nutrition 2017
3. “Ketogenic diet ameliorates inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoarthritis” Kong et al. Arthritis Research and Therapy Journal 2022
4. “Exogenous Ketones as Therapeutic Signaling Molecules in HighStress Occupations: Implications for Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Future Research” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights Waldman et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC7734540/
5. “Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes” Cox et al. Cell Metabolism 2017 https:// www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(16)30355- 2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier. com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1550413116303552%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
6. “Exogenous ketone supplementation: an emerging tool for physiologists with potential as a metabolic therapy” Experimental Physiology 2022, Falkenhain et al. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/ EP090430
7. “Exogenous Ketones as Therapeutic Signaling Molecules in HighStress Occupations: Implications for Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Future Research” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights Waldman et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC7734540/
8. “Exogenous ketosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Safety, tolerability and effect on glycaemic control” Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 2021 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/edm2.264
9. “Impact of ketosis on appetite regulation—a review” Deemer et al. Nutrition Research Journal 2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/abs/pii/S0271531719309376?via%3Dihub
10. “Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ketogenic Diet: New Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease” Pinto et al. Antioxidants (Basil) Journal 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC5981249/#:~:text=Ketone%20metabolism%20results%20 in%20decreased,known%20to%20contribute%20to%20inflammation.
11. “Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases” Kovacs et al. Nutrients Journal 2021 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/7/2197

The World’s Most Powerful Science Backed Ingredient.

In a dynamic, ever-growing world focused on improving cellular energy and metabolism, Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) stands out as the most exceptionally versatile and efficient cellular fuel source. BHB is an evolutionary and crucial molecule that surpasses any other cellular energy source in its ability to positively impact health, longevity, and performance, making BHB the gold standard for cellular energy.

REASONS WHY BHB IS THE GOLD STANDARD

BHB is the preferred energy source for the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Its capacity to deliver more energy, more efficiently with less ROS (reactive oxygen species) than glucose distinguishes BHB as the gold standard of clean cellular energy. Here are the five key reasons that underscore its deserved title:

1. BHB when metabolized, generates more energy per unit of oxygen consumed than glucose. This means that cells using BHB as a fuel source can function more efficiently, producing more ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s main form of energy) for the same amount of oxygen. BHB retains its superior efficiency in comparison with other substances such as 1,3 butanediol or C8 MCT, or other ketone configurations. BHB is the most efficient fuel source, second to none.

2. BHB is considered “clean” because the way it is metabolized in the body results in less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and harmful byproducts compared to glucose. High levels of ROS can lead to oxidative stress, damaging cells and contribute to aging and diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and heart disease. By reducing ROS production, BHB can help maintain cellular health and function.

3. BHB is not just an energy source, it’s also a signaling molecule. It can impact:

• Gene expression
• Activate proteins that protect cells from oxidative stress
• Anti-Inflammatory pathways
• Glucose and insulin regulation
• Appetite suppression for weight management.

By activating these protective pathways, BHB also helps to maintain cellular health and integrity, contributing to its reputation as a clean source of cellular energy.

4. BHB exhibits unique neuroprotective properties, enhancing neuronal health and cognitive function. BHB also plays a crucial signaling role in impacting gene expression and cellular processes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and lifespan.

5. BHB can help to improve brain function by increasing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is a protein that helps to protect nerve cells and promote the growth of new nerve cells.

THE CRITICAL NEED TO SWITCH CELLULAR ENERGY PARADIGMS

Glucose, primarily derived from carbohydrates, was previously considered the body’s preferred fuel. However, with so many new studies on the effects of glucose as a major contributor to health issues, the scientific and nutritional authorities are taking a necessary in depth look at an alarming number of these significant glucose-induced health issues. They are discovering that the root of this glucose issue is that glucose is a “dirty” fuel, meaning that as it is metabolized in the body and produces cellular energy, it also produces very harmful byproducts. When glucose is metabolized, it produces a lot of free radicals: ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). These “free radicals” are unstable molecules that damage cells, reduce telomeres, prevent autophagy, help retain amyloid plagues, and several other undesirable metabolic and epigenetic changes. They can also contribute to the development of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. In essence, glucose catalyses the aging pathways, manifesting in quicker physical and cognitive decline.

Glucose can also produce and increase chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection. Chronic inflammation can damage cells and tissues. It is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. Below are some statistics that demonstrate the results of a glucose fed cellular energy state (i.e. a high carbohydrate diet):

• Obesity. In 1960, only 13.4% of adults in the United States were obese. By 2022, that number had more than tripled to 42.4%.
• Type 2 Diabetes. In 1960, only 2.8 million Americans had type 2 diabetes. By 2022, that number had increased to 34.2 million, or 9.3% of the adult population.
• Alzheimer’s Disease. In 1960, an estimated 600,000 Americans had Alzheimer’s disease. By 2022, that number had increased to 7.1 million, or about 1 in 9 Americans aged 65 and older.
• Cancer. The rate of increase in cancer cases from 1960 to 2022 has been on the incline. The overall cancer incidence rate in the United States increased by 20% from 1960 to 2019.
• Chronic Inflammation. The rate of increase in chronic inflammation cases from 1960 to 2022 has been steadily rising. A study published in the journal “Nature Reviews Immunology” in 2019 found that the prevalence of chronic inflammation in the United States has increased by 50% since 1960.
• Depression and Anxiety. The surge in depression and anxiety cases from 1960 to 2022 has been increasing. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the United States has increased from 1.9% in 1960 to 6.7% in 2017. Similarly, the prevalence of anxiety disorders has increased from 8.3% in 1980 to 19.1% in 2017.
• Life expectancy in the United States has been declining for the past two years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In 2021, life expectancy at birth was 76.6 years, down from 77.3 years in 2019. This is the first-time life expectancy has declined in two consecutive years since 1998-1999.
• Brain Disorders. The rate of increase in brain-related disorder cases in the United States from 1960 to 2022 has been steadily growing. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the prevalence of brain-related disorders has increased from 10% in 1960 to 20% in 2022.

Adding all the health care spending from 1960 to 2022, the United States has spent $45.3 trillion on health care.

t’s a fact that the United States spends more on health care than any other developed country, yet our health outcomes are much poorer. For example, the United States has the highest rate of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.

USHERING IN A NEW CELLULAR ENERGY PARADIGM – BHB

Embracing BHB as the NEW gold standard of cellular energy does not merely mean a shift in nutritional paradigms, it opens the door to a completely new framework and understanding of our bodies’ metabolic potential. As science continues to uncover the many facets and benefits of BHB, we have now been able to harness and design revolutionary products using BHB that will redefine health and performance optimization.

Using BHB as a product’s energy source will deliver transformative effects on health and wellbeing, whether used with or without a ketogenic or low carb diet, as BHB has been shown to be preferentially utilized by the body immediately when available regardless of glucose and insulin levels.

Here are the key areas in which BHB’s benefits have already been identified in being considered the Gold Standard of Cellular Energy

• Intermittent Fasting. BHB is the only macro-nutritional energy that can be taken during a fast and not break the fast.
• Weight Loss. The King of weight loss, by being the only molecule that can curb hunger, appetite, cravings, improve mood, promote fat metabolism, Lipogenesis, and spare muscle so fat loss becomes prevalent.
• Brain. BHB delivers superior energy metabolism in the electron transport chain, enhanced neuroprotection, reduced ROS, BDNF growth, synaptic plasticity, and altered gene expression.
• Stress and Anxiety. Nothing reduces stress and anxiety as effectively as BHB with reduced inflammation, increased GABA, improve mood with more energy, resilience to stress and improved sleep.
• Athletic Performance. Consistent, long term, reliable energy with less oxidative stress, enhanced mitochondrial function, reduced inflammation, enhanced muscle protein synthesis, improves the big 3 (Pre-work, Workout and Recovery).
• Hydration. There is nothing better for hydration than energy coupled to electrolytes for balanced, rapid absorption for perfect osmoregulation and fluid balance.
• Health, Wellness and Longevity. BHB stands alone in its ability to deliver on these three promises and reverse the plight of poor health, improve wellness, and increase longevity.

CONCLUSION

There is a critical need to shift cellular energy paradigms. The world MUST move away from “dirty” glucose to embracing the significant role Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can play in supplying a new clean, superior cellular energy source.

The Gold Standard has changed and it is BHB.

Through a robust exploration of BHB’s various attributes including energy efficiency, its adaptive response in metabolic stress situations, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, its role in gene expression and cellular signaling, we have elucidated the preeminence of BHB in terms of cellular energy.

The ability of BHB to efficiently deliver more energy per unit oxygen used, compared to glucose, underscores its efficacy as a superior energy substrate. In situations of metabolic stress, such as starvation or intense exercise, the body’s innate proclivity to shift towards ketone bodies for fuel, with BHB being the principal ketone, emphasizes the physiological recognition of its superior performance.

Notably, BHB’s effects transcend beyond mere energy provision. Its role as a signaling molecule, influencing gene expression, inflammation, and oxidative stress, further cements its place as a critical player in cellular health and resilience. BHB’s neuroprotective attributes, particularly its potential role in alleviating neurodegenerative disorders, illuminate a broader impact on overall organismal health and longevity.

This need for a shift in paradigms reiterates that BHB is more than a mere metabolic byproduct, but an essential, multi-faceted agent essential to cellular energy and health. It invites us to rethink and even rebuke our current glucose-centric understanding of cellular metabolism and to acknowledge the vast new potential and adaptability embodied by BHB. This ‘gold standard’ of cellular energy underscores the potential for future research, including its implications for nutritional strategies, therapeutic use in metabolic and neurological diseases, and human performance optimization.

In the face of the current and bleak health scorecard and escalating global health challenges, understanding and harnessing the power of BHB as the gold standard of cellular energy could revolutionize our approach to health, wellbeing, and longevity. The compelling evidence provided herein makes a compelling case for continued and rigorous examination into the remarkable potential of BHB.

We invite you to read our BHB Functional Papers and discover for yourself all that BHB can do to help mankind and why it deserves a “front and center” role in all functional supplements where superior cellular energy can play a major role in improving your product offerings while improving the health of your customers.

The World’s Most Powerful Science Backed Ingredient.

The brain is a complex organ that controls various bodily functions and is responsible for many cognitive processes such as memory, focus, and reaction time. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body (we call the 4th macronutrient) endogenously produced by the liver during periods of fasting or carbohydrate restriction. In recent years, exogenous BHB under the goBHB brand has gained attention for its benefits on cognitive function, memory, focus, and brain reaction time. The purpose of this paper is to explore how BHB interacts with the brain and the potential benefits it may have on brain function.

HOW BHB WORKS IN THE BRAIN

BHB is technically a macronutrient, which means it contains real cellular energy. This is in contrast to so called nootropics, like caffeine, citicoline, alpha GPC, etc. that are micronutrients only delivering neurostimulation. BHB is highly permeable and passes effortlessly through the blood brain barrier. Once ingested, BHB is transported to the brain, where it can be directly used as a cellular fuel source. BHB is more ATP rich and is a more efficient fuel source for the brain than glucose. BHB can produce more energy per unit of oxygen consumed. This high energy profile of BHB leads to improved neuronal function, neurons require large amounts of macronutrient energy to function properly. Neurons are the primary cells that make up the central nervous system, which includes the brain and the spinal cord. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system, and they are specialized cells that have unique structures and functions. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has been shown to have several beneficial effects on neuronal functionality, including:

• Improved cellular energy metabolism: BHB is the most efficient macronutrient fuel source for the brain, it may lead to improved neuronal function as neurons require large amounts of macronutrient energy to function properly.

• Enhanced neuroprotection: BHB has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, through the reduction in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) thus protecting neurons from damage and improving their function. This is in stark contrast to glucose metabolism that produces multiple times the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress and damage to cells. BHB, on the other hand, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the brain by increasing the production of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the production of ROS.

Several studies have investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of BHB in adolescent and adult humans for brain injury. For example, a study published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience shows that BHB improved cognitive repair and behavioural outcomes in adolescent males with traumatic brain injury , and another study published in the journal Frontiers of Nutrition shows how BHB supplementation can prevent further damage post-concussion, improve cognitive and motor performance amongst patients with neurogenerative diseases.

• BDNF Growth: BHB has been shown to stimulate the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes the growth and survival of neurons.

• BHB exhibits unique neuroprotective properties, enhancing neuronal health and cognitive function. BHB also plays a crucial signaling role in impacting gene expression and cellular processes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and lifespan.

• BHB can help to improve brain function by increasing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is a protein that helps to protect nerve cells and promote the growth of new nerve cells.

• Increased synaptic plasticity: BHB has been shown to increase synaptic plasticity, which is the ability of neurons to change their connections in response to what they are experiencing. This may lead to improved learning and memory.

• Altered gene expression: BHB has been shown to alter gene expression in neurons, leading to changes in the production of proteins involved in neuronal function. BHB has been shown to increase the expression of genes involved in the production of mitochondria, which are the energy-producing organelles in cells. Outside of just focusing on improving neuronal functionality, BHB studies have suggested that BHB may highly affect several key regions of the brain, including:

• The hippocampus: The hippocampus is a region of the brain that is involved in memory consolidation and retrieval. Studies have shown that BHB may improve memory consolidation and retrieval, suggesting that the hippocampus may be one of the regions affected by BHB.

• The prefrontal cortex: The prefrontal cortex is a region of the brain that is involved in higher-order cognitive processes such as decision making, planning, and working memory. Studies have suggested that BHB may improve cognitive function, which may be related to its effects on the prefrontal cortex.

• The striatum: The striatum is a region of the brain that is involved in motor control and learning. Studies have shown that BHB may improve motor performance, which may be related to its effects on the striatum.

• The thalamus: The thalamus is a region of the brain that is involved in relaying sensory information to other parts of the brain. Studies have suggested that BHB may improve sensory processing, which may be related to its effects on the thalamus.

BENEFITS OF BHB ON BRAIN FUNCTION

• Cognitive function: Several studies have suggested that BHB may have a positive effect on cognitive function. A study published in The Journal of Physiology found that BHB supplementation improved cerebral blood flow, BDNF production and cognitive function in young obese adults. Another study published in the Alzheimer’s and Dementia Journal found that BHB supplementation improved cognition amongst elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment improved cognitive function. These studies suggest that BHB may be beneficial for improving cognitive function in individuals of all ages.

• Memory: BHB has been shown to have a positive effect on memory. A study published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging found that elevating BHB levels improved memory consolidation in adults. A further study in the journal for Experimental Physiology shows that ingesting ketones once a day for 14 days demonstrated notable improvements in cognition, mood and memory amongst adults. These studies suggest that BHB may be beneficial for improving memory consolidation and retrieval.

• Focus: BHB has been suggested to improve focus. A study published in the Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism found that BHB supplementation improved cognitive performance and reaction time in runners. This suggests that BHB may be beneficial for improving focus.

• Brain reaction time: BHB has been shown to improve brain reaction time. A study on soccer players in the Nutrients journal demonstrates that BHB supplementation delayed mental fatigue and improved reaction time after exertion. This suggests that BHB may be beneficial for improving brain reaction time. Another study named Blind Comparison of Two Different Compositions of Exogenous Ketones and Their Impact on Anxiety, Weight, Lean Muscle Mass and Cognitive Function showed a 9.9% increase in brain reaction time.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF BHB ON BRAIN FUNCTION

BHB is a more efficient fuel source for the brain than glucose, which may lead to improved brain function. By increasing brain energy production, BHB may improve cognitive function, memory, focus, and brain reaction time. Here is why BHB is such an efficient metabolic energy source:

• BHB is a reduced macronutrient molecule: BHB is a more reduced molecule than glucose, which means it has more available electrons to donate during energy production. This leads to a higher yield of ATP per molecule of BHB than glucose. BHB is not to be confused with micronutrients like nootropics. There is some evidence to suggest that BHB may have greater potential to affect long-term cognitive function compared to nootropics.

BHB has been shown to have potential benefits for brain health and cognitive function, including improved memory, learning, and attention. BHB has also been shown to increase the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that promotes the growth and survival of neurons and is essential for long-term cognitive function.

In contrast, the long-term effects of many nootropics are not well studied, and their potential to affect long-term cognitive function is not well understood. While some nootropics may have potential benefits for cognitive function, they may also have potential risks and side effects, and their long-term effects are not well understood.

• Fewer steps: BHB can be converted into ATP with fewer steps than glucose, which allows for more efficient energy production. BHB is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to produce ATP. Glucose, on the other hand, must go through several steps of glycolysis before it can enter the TCA cycle.

• Oxygen-independent: BHB can be converted into ATP in a process called ketolysis, which does not require oxygen. This means that BHB can be used as an energy source even in low oxygen environments, such as during intense exercise or in certain disease states. • Less waste: BHB produces less waste, such as lactate, than glucose during energy production. This means that BHB can produce energy with less metabolic stress on the body.

BHB may promote the production of certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. These neurotransmitters are involved in regulating mood and focus and may improve brain function when their levels are increased.

CONCLUSION

BHB is the brains preferred fuel. It perfectly interacts with the brain by increasing brain energy production, enhancing neuroprotection, and promoting the production of certain neurotransmitters. BHB has proven benefits for cognitive function, memory, focus, and brain reaction time. While current research continues to discover more and more benefits of BHB in the brain, it is clear that BHB is one of the most fundamental ingredients for improving overall brain function. It is truly the world’s most powerful science backed ingredient.

REFERENCES

1. “Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta- Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney” https:// w w w. frontiersin. org /articles/10 . 3389/ fnut.2020.00013/full, Frontiers in Nutrition 2020
2. Dietary Supplementation With the Ketogenic Diet Metabolite Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Post-TBI Aggression in Young- Adult Male DrosophilaLee et al. 2019 https:// pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736687/
3. “Ketone Supplementation: Meeting the Needs of the Brain in an Energy Crisis” Frontiers of Nutrition 2021. https://www. frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.783659/full
4. “Short-term ketone monoester supplementation improves cerebral blood flow and cognition in obesity: A randomized cross-over trial” Walsh et al. The Journal of Physiology 2021 https://physoc.onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1113/JP281988
5. “Short-term ketone monoester supplementation improves cerebral blood flow and cognition in obesity: A randomized cross-over trial” Walsh et al. The Journal of Physiology 2021 https://physoc.onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1113/JP281988
6. A ketogenic drink improves cognition in mild cognitive impairment: Results of a 6-month RCT Alzheimers and Dementia Journal 2020 Fortier et al. https://alz-journals. onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.12206
7. “Ketogenic diets and Ketone supplementation: A strategy for therapeutic intervention” Saris et Al. Frontiers of Nutrition journal 2022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC9705794 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/ PMC9705794/
8. “Exogenous ketone supplementation: an emerging tool for physiologists with potential as a metabolic therapy” Experimental Physiology. Falkenhaim et al. 2022 https:// p h y s o c .on l i n e l i b r ar y. w i l e y. c om / do i / pdf/10.1113/ EP090430
9. “Dose response of a novel exogenous ketone supplement on physiological, perceptual and performance parameters” Prins et al. Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 https://link.springer. com/ article/10.1186/s12986-020-00497-1
10. Ketone Ester Supplementation Improves Some Aspects of Cognitive Function during a Simulated Soccer Match after Induced Mental Fatigue Quinones et al. 2022 Nutrients Journal https://www.mdpi.com/2072- 6643/14/20/4376

The World’s Most Powerful Science Backed Ingredient.

The energy drink market is desperately needing innovation. Here are our four innovative, functional beverage ideas utilizing BHB that deliver very unique and differentiating benefits to revolutionize the beverage landscape.

DUAL FUEL PERFORMANCE

• Beyond any energy drinks: Move beyond the limitations of traditional energy drinks. Our BHB RTD provides sustained energy by utilizing a combined and completely unique alternative fuel source for your body and brain, optimizing performance and recovery. First time BHB+Glucose team up in any product.

• Target a rapidly growing market: Capitalizes on the emerging interest in energy optimized performance and positions itself as a leader in this exciting new space.

GAMERS’ EDGE

• Boost your game play and endurance: Enhanced focus, reaction time, and cognitive function with BHB, would be specifically formulated to support gamers’ demanding needs and habits.

• Target a passionate and loyal audience: Gamers represent a massive and engaged market eager for innovative solutions to elevate their experience and emulate professionals.

BE HAPPY

• Embrace calm focus and well-being: BHB has been shown to reduce normal stress and anxiety while providing a sense of energy and positive mindset.

• Caters to a widespread need: Address the growing demand for natural solutions to manage stress and anxiety, appealing to a broad audience seeking mental well-being and happiness.

• Make the GLP-1 Experience Positive: GLP-1 receptor agonists, like semaglutides, are the new weight management craze. The challenge, some individuals experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea AND SIGNIFICANT MUSCLE LOSS!

• This trend is massive and fast moving: BHB has been shown to remove these side effects while using lower amounts of the semaglutide.

These four distinct BHB beverage concepts offer a fresh and compelling alternative to traditional energy drinks. These ideas focus on unique market segments and address specific consumer needs, that can establish a strong foothold and win brand loyalty. Each of these drinks can bring new sales and new customers to this space.