Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the primary ketone body “a refined macronutrient” that is either produced during ketosis or fasting and now for the first time BHB can be taken exogenously. Emerging research suggests that BHB may be the most effective mitochondrial support supplement ever produced, surpassing any other popular options. Let’s compare BHB to other popular “mitochondrial support” supplements in terms of their effects on the actual mitochondrial processes:

Supplement	Mechanism of Action	Comparison to BHB
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)	Electron carrier in the electron transport chain (ETC), essential for ATP production	BHB actually increases CoQ10 levels and enhances ETC efficiency, providing a more comprehensive mitochondrial boost.
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)	Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis	BHB not only promotes biogenesis, but also enhances the function of existing mitochondria, optimizing energy production as it’s a macronutrient and produces ATP.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)	Antioxidant, protects mitochondria from oxidative stress	BHB exhibits more potent antioxidant properties than ALA, reducing mitochondrial damage more effectively as well as producing far less ROS than glucose when metabolized.
N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC)	Precursor to glutathione, a major antioxidant	BHB directly increases glutathione levels, providing superior antioxidant protection compared to NAC.
B Vitamins	Cofactors in various mitochondrial processes	BHB enhances the utilization of B vitamins, maximizing their effectiveness in supporting mitochondrial function.
Magnesium	Cofactor in numerous enzymes involved in energy production	BHB improves magnesium uptake and utilization, enhancing its role in mitochondrial energy production.
Creatine	Supports ATP production and energy storage	BHB increases creatine uptake and utilization, leading to greater energy production and storage capacity of ATP.
Resveratrol	Activates sirtuins, proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function	BHB activates sirtuins more potently than resveratrol, resulting in enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function.

Flow State = intense focus, effortless action, intrinsic enjoyment. L-BHB is capable of inducing and maintaining Flow States.

HERE ARE WHAT WE HAVE DETERMINED TO BE THE FLOW STATE CONDITIONS:

• Skill vs. Challenge: The optimal “flow zone” resides with a high level of both perceived skill and challenge.
• Action and Awareness Merging: Inaflowstate,onebecomesfully engrossedin the task.
• Clear Goals: Flow experiences often occur in activities with well-defined goals that provide direction and focus.
• Immediate Feedback: Flowthriveson rapidfeedbackand helps maintain focus and engagement, thus keeping one “in the flow.”
• Sense of Control: Individuals in Flow feel a sense of control over the situation despite the task’s difficulty.
• Distorted Perception of Time: Hours might feel like minutes as immersion deepens in the flow state.
• Autotelic Experience: Flow is its own reward

HERE’S WHY BHB MIGHT BE THE KEY TO FLOW:

Enhanced Energy Stability – Compared to glucose, BHB providesasteadier,more sustainable energysupplyforthe brain

Neurotransmitter Modulation – BHB influences neuro- transmitterscrucialfor focus, relaxation, and cognitive function

Neuroplasticity and Neuroprotection – BHB may support neuronal health, adaptability, and resilience

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF L-BHB IN INDUCING FLOW

Preliminaryevidence indicates LBHB may possess unique properties affecting brain energy dynamics and signaling pathways highly relevant to inducing and sustaining flow states.

Emerging research suggests that the less-studied L-BHB potentially holds greater potential for flow induction.

L-BHB’s macronutrient ATP energy producing capacity to optimize energy stability, power and regulate neurotransmitters could be the key to unlocking brain network configurations necessary for inducing and sustaining flow providing a state of sustained focus, effortless immersion, and rewarding experiences.

Our patented BHB offers significant and unique support both during and after GLP-1 treatment through mitigating potential side effects like fatigue, nausea, vomiting, GI issue, increased heart rate, and most significantly preserves muscle mass. BHB also offers critical ongoing support after stopping GLP-1 treatments, in helping individuals maintain their weight and body composition goals.

This patented product would work synergistically with GLP-1 during and after use.

During GLP-1 use:

• BHB can help mitigate side effects like nausea and fatigue by offering an alternative energy source to depleted glucose
• BHB can boost appetite suppression
• BHB helps preserve muscle during weight loss
• BHB enhances GLP-1 fat loss effectiveness
  

Post-treatment of GLP-1 use:

• BHB assists in maintaining weight loss
• BHB promotes metabolic health
• BHB provides sustained energy levels
• BHB gives continued appetite suppression
• BHB helps maintain weight loss

This multifaceted formulation makes it a powerful, needed companion to GLP-1 treatments.

Combines the fast-acting energy delivery of glucose with the sustained energy release of exogenous BHB (Beta-Hydroxybutyrate) ketones. The formulation utilizes moderate GL indexed carbohydrates for moderate blood glucose uptake and sustained glycogen replenishment and BHB to provide long lasting top tier ATP energy. The combined effect produces a dual fuel for both high-intensity fast twitch activity and extended range performance, with mental focus, fast recovery and reduced inflammation.

Target Audiences:

• Fitness Enthusiasts. Athletes and fitness professionals seeking innovative tools to improve endurance, performance, and recovery.
• Biohackers and Wellness Seekers. Individuals exploring alternative approaches to health and performance optimization. People interested in natural solutions for energy, focus, and cognitive function. Tech-savvy consumers following trends in biohacking and longevity strategies.
• Busy Professionals and Entrepreneurs. Individuals seeking sustained energy, improved focus, and mental clarity throughout their workday. Professionals looking to manage stress and maintain productivity levels. People juggling multiple responsibilities and seeking natural solutions for cognitive performance.
• Active Adults and Seniors. Individuals seeking to maintain an active lifestyle and improve agerelated cognitive decline. People concerned about maintaining energy levels and overall wellbeing as they age.
• Military and First Responders: Individuals requiring sustained energy, focus, and alertness during demanding situations.
• Students and Young Adults: Individuals seeking to enhance focus, cognitive performance, and manage stress during studies or demanding workloads.

Dual Fuel Performance Stack – The Next Evolution in Workout Performance Nutrition

Shattering the Performance Plateau

Today, there isn’t an integrated approach to performance workout nutrition. Almost all performance products focus on isolated moments of a workout, leaving you with energy spikes and crashes, incomplete recovery, and a constant struggle to reach your full potential.

The truth is your body needs a continuous flow of optimized fuel and nutrients to power through each stage of your workout – and beyond.

The Dual Fuel Performance Stack is a revolutionary 3-phase system that works in harmony with your body’s natural workout rhythms, delivering the precise combination of energy (BHB + Glucose) and other key ingredients your muscles and mind crave pre, during and post workout.

Dual Fuel. It’s time to experience a new level of performance, where your body and brain are in perfect sync, pushing your limits further than you ever thought possible.

• Energy Synergy: Glucose provides rapid fast twitch energy while BHB offers sustained fuel and extreme cognitive benefits to keep you pushing hard.
• Enhanced Performance: Improved endurance and clarity providing power output of exactly what and when you need it.
• Optimized Recovery: Getting you ready for the next day through faster muscle repair, reduced soreness, and improved sleep quality.

The Dual Fuel Performance Stack isn’t just another group of supplements – it’s a complete reimagining of how to fuel your workouts. It’s a 3-phase system leveraging BHB (Beta- Hydroxybutyrate) and glucose, for the first time ever, to maximize performance and recovery throughout your training:

1.  Pre-Workout Ignite:

• Key Ingredients: BHB electrolytes, fast-acting glucose (dextrose, maltodextrin), creatine, L-citrulline, beta-alanine, taurine
• Benefits: Immediate energy boost, enhanced muscle pump, delayed fatigue, heightened mental focus

2.  Intra-Workout Sustain:

• Key Ingredients: BHB acid (for rapid ketone uptake), slower-digesting glucose (cluster dextrin), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)
• Benefits: Sustained energy throughout workouts, reduced muscle breakdown, improved hydration, faster recovery

3.  Post-Workout Recovery:

• Key Ingredients: BHB electrolytes (including magnesium), protein blend (whey, casein), glutamine, L-carnitine, zinc
• Benefits: Replenishes glycogen stores, repairs muscle damage, reduces inflammation, promotes deeper sleep

Target Audiences:

• Athletes (professional, amateur, weekend warriors)
• Fitness enthusiasts
• Endurance, extreme athletes
• Biohackers
• Busy professionals
• Anyone seeking sustained energy and peak performance

A New Paradigm in Workout Performance

The Dual Fuel Performance Stack isn’t just another set of supplements; it’s a paradigm shift in how you fuel your workouts and unleash your full potential. By seamlessly integrating BHB and Glucose with other key nutrients, this revolutionary 3-phase system empowers you to ignite your energy, sustain your power, and accelerate your recovery like never before.

This provides the experience of unparalleled focus, endurance, and strength as you shatter plateaus and redefine your limits. The Dual Fuel Performance Stack is the future of performance in unlocking a level of physical and mental dominance never thought possible.

goBHB, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetic Support

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions, posing a significant health burden globally.

WHY IS LOSING WEIGHT SO CRITICAL TO ONE’S HEALTH?

• Reduces Risk of Chronic Diseases
• Improves Metabolic Health
• Better Cardiovascular Health
• Improves Mobility and Physical Function
• Enhances Mental Health
• Better Sleep

WHY IS LOSING WEIGHT SO IMPORTANT TO THOSE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES?

• Improves Insulin Sensitivity
• Better Blood Sugar Control
• Reduces Need for Medications

goBHBsupplementation is powerful in promoting weight loss and supporting Type 2 diabetes on any diet. The benefits include:

• Appetite Suppression, suppresses ghrelin and insulin
• Metabolic Shift, gets rid of sugar dependence
• Energy Levels for better cognitive and performance
• Muscle Preservation focusing on losing fat, not muscle
• Blood Sugar Control, improving insulin sensitivity
• Mood Enhancement

Beta Hydroxybutyrate (goBHB) The King of Weight Loss and Type 2 Diabetic Support

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions, posing a significant health burden globally. As the prevalence continues to rise, there is a pressing need for effective strategies to manage these conditions. One promising approach involves the use of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a naturally occurring molecule produced by the body during periods of low glucose availability. This paper aims to explore the potential benefits of BHB in weight loss and the management of type 2 diabetes.

HERE ARE THE FACTS:

Obesity and overweightness have grown at alarming rates globally over the past few decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided some key statistics:

• Global Overweight and Obesity: In 2021, more than 2 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of these, over 1 billion were obese.
• Increase Over Time: The prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2021.
• Childhood Obesity: In 2021 39 million children were overweight or obese. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight and obesity are now on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings.
• Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: In 2021, over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese.
• Consequences: Obesity is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.

A study published in The Lancet in 2016 analyzed data from nearly 4 million individuals worldwide, finding that for those overweight, every 5 units of BMI above 25 kg/m² was associated with about a 30% higher overall mortality rate.

AS TO TYPE 2 DIABETES:

• Global Prevalence: According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in 2019, approximately 463 million adults (20-79 years) were living with diabetes; by 2045 this number is expected to rise to 700 million. The majority of these cases are of type 2 diabetes.
• Growth in Prevalence: The global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980, rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in the adult population, largely due to increases in type 2 diabetes.
• Geographical Differences: In 2019, the Western Pacific had the highest number of people with diabetes (approximately 163 million), followed by the Southeast Asia region (approximately 88 million). However, the prevalence rate was highest in the Middle East and North Africa, where more than 12% of the adult population had diabetes.
• Age Differences: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases with age, with the most significant number of people with diabetes being between the ages of 40 and 59.
• Impact: Diabetes was the ninth leading cause of death in 2019, causing an estimated 4.2 million deaths globally. People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing several serious health problems, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and certain types of cancer.

WHY IS LOSING WEIGHT SO CRITICAL TO ONE’S HEALTH?

• Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: High body fat, particularly when it’s concentrated around the abdomen, is associated with an increased risk of various chronic diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and liver disease.
• Improved Metabolic Health: Excess body fat can lead to insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes. Losing fat can improve insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic function, which can help regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
• Better Cardiovascular Health: High body fat, especially visceral fat around the organs, is linked to increased blood pressure and higher levels of LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, both of which can contribute to heart disease. Reducing fat mass can improve these indicators of cardiovascular health.
• Improved Mobility and Physical Function: Excess weight can put strain on the body, leading to joint pain and reduced mobility. Losing fat can alleviate these issues and improve overall physical function and quality of life.
• Enhanced Mental Health: Body weight can impact mental health as well. Studies have linked obesity to a higher risk of depression and lower self-esteem. Weight loss, when done in a healthy manner, can potentially improve mental wellbeing.
• Better Sleep: Excess weight, particularly around the neck, can contribute to sleep disorders like sleep apnea. Losing fat can lead to better sleep quality and reduce the risk of these disorders.

IN PARTICULAR, WHY IS LOSING WEIGHT SO IMPORTANT TO THOSE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES?

• Improved Insulin Sensitivity: Excess body weight, particularly fat stored around the abdomen, can lead to insulin resistance. Losing weight can improve insulin sensitivity, enabling the body to use insulin more effectively to lower blood sugar levels.
• Better Blood Sugar Control: Weight loss can help regulate blood sugar levels, making it easier for people with type 2 diabetes to manage their condition. Improved blood sugar control can reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications, such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems.
• Reduced Need for Medications: When blood sugar levels are better controlled through weight loss and lifestyle changes, people with type 2 diabetes may require fewer medications or lower doses of their current medications, under the guidance of their healthcare provider.

There is no doubt that weight loss improves general health and especially for those suffering from type 2 diabetes.

THE MECHANICS OF ACHIEVING WEIGHT LOSS

Weight loss doesn’t happen unless you are successful at creating a calorie deficit. But creating a calorie deficit puts strain on the body to find fuel to keep it running outside of the fuel you consume. There are two choices, use fat mass for fuel or use muscle mass for fuel, both will cause weight loss, but only diets that preserve muscle and burn fat will be successful in the long term and reduce the effects of recidivism, the regaining of weight after the conclusion of a calorie restricted diet.

Science has proven a ketogenic or low carb diet outperforms a high carbohydrate diet in loosing fat mass versus muscle mass. This is because when the body does not have glucose to burn, nor the ability to convert muscle into glucose via a process called gluconeogenesis, it enters a state of ketosis when the body mobilizes its fat stores to provide triglycerides to the liver that converts the triglycerides into a high energy molecule called a ketone that can then fuel the body. It’s during this type of calorie restriction that the body loses fat, not muscle.

WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES OF A CALORIE RESTRICTIVE DIET TO LOSE WEIGHT?

• Hunger and Cravings: Cutting back on calories often means eating less than you’re used to, which can lead to feelings of physical hunger and cravings for high-calorie foods, making it difficult to stick to the diet.
• Lack of Satiety: Not all calories are created equal in terms of satiety. Diets that are low in protein and fiber, but high in refined carbohydrates, can leave you feeling unsatisfied, even if you’re consuming an adequate number of calories.
• Social and Cultural Factors: Social gatherings, holidays, and cultural norms often revolve around food, which can make it challenging to stick to a calorie-restricted diet. There can be pressure to eat in social situations, or you might not have control over the food that’s available.
• Sustainability: Long-term adherence to a calorie-restricted diet can be challenging. It requires consistent effort, planning, and willpower, and it’s not always compatible with a busy lifestyle. Many people find it hard to maintain this kind of diet over the long term.
• Psychological Factors: Emotions, stress, and habits can all impact our eating behaviors. Emotional eating, for example, is

a common struggle for many people on calorie-restricted diets. Moreover, old habits can be hard to break, and new ones can be hard to form.

These challenges are both physiological and psychological and both challenges must be met to make any weight loss diet successful.

USING goBHB FOR LOSING FAT AND SPARING MUSCLE IN CALORIE RESTRICTIVE DIETS

One proven strategy is the supplementation of Beta- Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a ketone body naturally produced during periods of low carbohydrate and calorie intake that essentially help the body mimic ketosis, the fat burning state, regardless of the calories restrictive diet selected.

BHB supplements are exogenous sources of the ketone body BHB. They can mimic the physiological state of ketosis, where the body burns fat for fuel instead of glucose. While naturally occurring during fasting or a ketogenic diet, BHB supplements can significantly elevate ketone body levels in the body regardless of dietary intake, potentially offering unique metabolic and psychological advantages.

BHB supplementation aids fat loss by promoting a metabolic shift from glucose to fat utilization, enhancing fat breakdown. It attacks the physiological diet challenges through appetite suppression by influencing hunger-related hormones, significant increase in energy levels, especially in the brain, spares muscle and lowers glucose and insulin levels.

Studies show a correlation between elevated BHB levels from supplements and weight loss in:

• Promoting Fat Metabolism: BHB supplements can provide the body with an external source of ketones, potentially signaling the body to continue using fat as its primary fuel source, even in the presence of dietary carbohydrates. One study in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology showed that daily intake of BHB caused the average waist circumference to decrease of 9cm amongst healthy adults over a 9 week period and this was achieved without dietary restriction or exercise intervention.i
• Suppressing Lipogenesis: There is some evidence that BHB may in fact suppress the creation of new fat cells (a process known as lipogenesis), further promoting a state of fat burning in the body. One such study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health showed that a state of ketosis suppressed lipogenesis and increased weight loss amongst obese human patients.ii

• Suppressing Ghrelin and Lowering Appetite A study published in Obesity found that a cohort of healthy adults experienced decreased hunger, desire to eat and increased fullness after injesting exogenous ketones.iii

Psychologically BHB supplementation has been shown to improve mood and relieve normal stress and anxiety. These psychological benefits help people make better food choices, reduce emotional and social eating issues, and maintain their discipline in sustaining their diet.

SUMMARY OF BENEFITS OF goBHB ON WEIGHT LOSS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES SUPPORT

Here is the bottom line of why BHB Supplementation is so powerful in promoting weight loss and supporting Type 2 diabetes on any diet:

• Appetite Suppression: Some research suggests that BHB can help suppress appetite, potentially helping individuals maintain a calorie deficit, which is necessary for weight loss. This appetite suppression is due to BHB’s superior effect on hunger hormones, such as ghrelin.iv
• Metabolic Shift: BHB is a ketone body, and taking BHB supplements can mimic the state of ketosis, where the body uses fat, rather than glucose, for fuel. This metabolic shift can help promote fat loss, especially when combined with a low- carbohydrate diet.v
• Energy Levels: BHB provides a superior energy source for the brain and muscles. This can be especially beneficial during the early stages of any calorie restricted diet in preventing fatigue and support physical activity levels, thus maintaining high metabolic rates.vi
• Muscle Preservation: During normal calorie restricted weight loss, the body can lose muscle as well as fat, sometimes more muscle than fat. BHB supplementation helps preserve muscle mass during calorie restrictive weight loss, due to its protein- sparing effects.vii
• Blood Sugar Control: BHB can help control blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, which can be beneficial for weight management and overall metabolic health. viii
• Mood Enhancement: There is scientific evidence showing that BHB reduces normal stress and anxiety and promotes better mood. This psychological boost during a calorie restrictive diet goes a long way in helping to maintain the attitude and discipline to sustain the diet and reject behaviors that sabotage results.ix

CONCLUSION

By inducing a state of ketosis, even without a strictly low carb or ketogenic diet, BHB can help the body utilize stored fat for energy, promoting fat loss over muscle loss. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals on a calorie-restrictive diet, aiding in the preservation of lean muscle mass while promoting fat reduction. Moreover, the potential of BHB to reduce feelings of hunger and cravings can help individuals adhere to their calorie-restrictive diets more effectively, addressing one of the significant challenges of such diet protocols.

Beyond weight loss, BHB’s role in improving cognitive function, reducing inflammation, and potentially improving insulin sensitivity may offer additional health benefits, contributing to an overall improvement in metabolic health.

In conclusion, the use of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) supplementation can serve as the perfect strategy to capture the benefits of a calorie-restrictive diet. Its potential to stimulate the body’s natural fat-burning processes, curb hunger pangs, and offer a high-powered energy source can enhance the weight loss journey, by reducing fat, sparing muscle, and improving mood. goBHB makes any calorie restrictive diet more efficient and sustainable.

REFERENCES

1. “Daily intake of D-B-Hydroxybutyrate Acid (D-BHB) Reduces Body Fat in Japanese Adult Participant: A Randomized, Double-Blnid, Placebo- Controlled Study.” Kastsuya et al. The Journal of Nutrional Science and Vitaminology 2023
2. “Ketogenic Diet for Obesity: Friend or Foe?” 2013 https://www.mdpi. com/1660-4601/11/2/2092
3. “A Ketone Ester Drink Lowers Human Ghrelin and Appetite” Stubbs et al. Obesity Journal 2017 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29105987/
4. “Impact of ketosis on appetite regulation—a review” Deemer et al. Nutrition Research Journal 2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/abs/pii/S0271531719309376?via%3Dihub
5. “Ketogenic diets and Ketone suplementation: A strategy for therapeutic intervention”. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022 Sarris et al. https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705794/
6. “Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney” https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013/full, Frontiers in Nutrition 2020
7. “Effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate on whole-body leucine kinetics and fractional mixed skeletal muscle protein synthesis in humans.” Nair et al. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1988 https://www.jci.org/articles/ view/113570/pdf
8. Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advanced Nutrition Journal. 2022 Falkenhain et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35380602/
9. “Ketogenic Diet and Inflammation: Implications for Mood and Anxiety Disorders” Karkafi et al. Neuroinflammation, Gut-Brain Axis and Immunity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders 2023

BHB unleashes an energy surge that ATP disodium simply cannot match.

This brief analysis delves into the multifaceted superiority of BHB, exposes the limitations of ATP disodium while highlighting BHB’s efficiency and advantages as the supreme fuel source.

Why BHB Is Superior to Peak ATP

Direct vs Indirect:

• ATP disodium offers one ATP molecule, that molecule isn’t ready for direct cellular use
• BHB rapidly converted into acetyl-CoA, a molecule that directly fuels the same cellular respiration pathways

Absorption:

• ATP is a large molecule requiring the digestive system to break it down for use
• BHB is built for absorption as it’s a small, water-soluble molecule

Metabolic Efficiency:

• ATP disodium is broken down in digestion, using up energy stores to rebuild ATP
• BHB bypasses the digestive processes and enters cells and metabolizes within the mitochondria

Cellular Signaling:

• ATP signaling impact is limited compared to BHB
• BHB acts as a signal of altered energy availability, influences cell growth and responses to stress

BHB is a superior fuel source in terms of net ATP it provides to cells. The effectiveness of BHB in boosting energy availability indirectly overshadows potential direct ATP supplementation studies, especially given absorption concerns.

goBHB reduces Normal Stress and Anxiety

Normal stress and anxiety are common experiences that can have very negative effects on physical and mental health.

There are many triggers that can lead to disproportionate stress and anxiety, and they can vary greatly depending on the individual. Some common triggers include:

• Social factors
• Physical health conditions
• Lifestyle Factors
• Trauma
• Situational stress
• Genetics
• Substance use

HOW DOES goBHB HELP REDUCE NORMAL STRESS AND ANXIETY?

• goBHB reduces inflammation
• goBHB increases GABA levels
• goBHB improves brain function
• goBHB increases resilience to stress
• goBHB improves sleep quality

Reducing Normal Stress and Anxiety Using goBHB

Normal stress and anxiety are common experiences that can have negative effects on physical and mental health. Understanding the size of the problem, the populations most affected, the causes, and ways to reduce stress and anxiety is important for reducing potential debilitation from stress and anxiety.

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), stress levels in the United States have been steadily increasing in recent years. In the APA’s 2021 Stress in America survey, 84% of adults reported experiencing at least one emotion associated with prolonged stress in the past two weeks, such as anxiety, sadness, or anger. Additionally, 54% of adults reported that their stress levels had increased in the past year.

Stress and anxiety can affect people of all ages, races, and ethnicities. However, some populations may be more affected than others. Women are more likely than men to experience anxiety disorders, while men are more likely to experience stress- related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some racial and ethnic groups may be more likely to experience anxiety disorders, although the reasons for this are complex and not fully understood. Certain professions, such as those that involve high levels of stress or trauma, may also be more affected by stress and anxiety.

Normal stress and anxiety can be defined as our natural responses to challenging or threatening situations and can help us to cope with difficult circumstances. Stress and anxiety are considered normal when they are proportional to the situation that is causing them, and they do not significantly interfere with daily activities or overall quality of life.

But there are stressors or triggers that distort what might be considered proportional to a situation and in these cases normal stress and anxiety becomes excessive and can have negative effects on physical and mental health and lessen one’s ability to act towards stress and anxiety appropriately.

There are many triggers that can lead to disproportionate stress and anxiety, and they can vary greatly depending on the individual. However, some common triggers include:

• Social factors: Social factors, such as discrimination or social isolation, may contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.
• Physical health conditions: Certain physical health conditions, such as chronic pain or heart disease, may increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders.
• Lifestyle factors: Lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and sleep, can also play a role in the development of stress and anxiety.
• Trauma: Traumatic events such as abuse, violence, or accidents can have a lasting impact on mental health and may lead to the development of anxiety disorders such as post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
• Situational stress: Situational stress can result from ongoing challenges in personal or professional life, such as financial difficulties, relationship problems, or a demanding job. If left unaddressed, it can turn into chronic stress and can lead to anxiety disorders.
• Genetics: Anxiety disorders may run in families, and there may be a genetic component to their development. Research suggests that certain genes may increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders.
• Substance use: Substance use, including alcohol and drugs, can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.

HOW DOES goBHB HELP REDUCE NORMAL STRESS AND ANXIETY?

BHB reduces inflammation: Chronic inflammation can contribute to stress and anxiety. BHB has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, which may help to reduce inflammation and the associated stress and anxiety.

One possible mechanism by which BHB works to reduce inflammation is through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex that plays a key role in the inflammatory response, and its activation can lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In a study done at Yale University, BHB has been shown to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which can help to reduce inflammation and the associated stress and anxiety.

Additionally, BHB has been shown to have antioxidant effects, which can help to reduce oxidative stress (ROS) and inflammation. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body’s antioxidant defenses. ROS can damage cells and contribute to the development of stress and anxiety. BHB has been shown to increase the production of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can help to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.

BHB increases GABA levels: GABA is a neurotransmitter that helps to regulate mood and reduce anxiety. BHB has been shown to increase GABA levels in the brain, which may help to reduce anxiety and promote feelings of calmness. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating anxiety and promoting feelings of calmness. Low levels of GABA have been linked to the development of anxiety disorders. BHB has been shown to increase GABA levels in the brain, which can help to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

One possible mechanism by which BHB works to increase GABA levels is through the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs are enzymes that play a key role in regulating gene expression, and they have been shown to decrease the expression of genes that encode GABAergic neurotransmitters. BHB has been shown to inhibit HDACs, which can increase the expression of GABAergic genes and lead to an increase in GABA levels in the brain.

Another possible mechanism by which BHB works to increase GABA levels is through the activation of G-protein coupled receptors. BHB has been shown to activate the G-protein coupled receptor GPR109A, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells in the brain. Activation of GPR109A can lead to an increase in the production of GABA and the release of GABA from neurons.

BHB improves brain function: BHB has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that is important for brain function and cognitive health. Improving brain function may help to reduce stress and anxiety by improving the body’s ability to cope with stressors. BHB is the body’s preferred energy source for the brain that can provide more ATP energy than glucose. By providing a higher level and purer source of energy, BHB has been shown to improve cognitive function and memory in animal studies. This may be due to its ability to increase energy supply to the brain and improve neuroprotection and antioxidant activity. BHB can help to improve overall brain function and performance. This allows the brain to more easily and quickly deal with issues and situations such that they do not become disproportionate to the issue or situation improving coping and solution alternatives.

BHB increases resilience to stress: BHB has been shown to increase the body’s ability to cope with stress by activating stress response pathways. This increased resilience to stress may help to reduce feelings of anxiety and promote a sense of well-being. BHB has been shown to increase resilience and improve the body’s ability to cope with stress. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals experiencing stress and anxiety, as it can help to reduce the negative effects of stress on brain function and cognitive performance.

BHB improves sleep quality: Poor sleep quality can contribute to stress and anxiety. BHB has been shown to improve sleep quality by increasing levels of the hormone melatonin, which is important for regulating sleep-wake cycles. BHB has been shown to increase the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. By increasing melatonin production, BHB can help to promote a more regular sleep-wake cycle and improve sleep quality.

BHB is a high energy fuel source for the brain that can provide more energy than glucose, which is particularly beneficial during sleep. BHB has been shown to reduce sleep disturbances, allowing for deeper sleep, with reduced wakefulness and restlessness. This may be due to its ability to promote relaxation and improved energy metabolism.

STUDIES SHOWING HOW BHB CAN HELP REDUCE NORMAL STRESS AND ANXIETY

• A study published in the Frontiers of Psychiatry journal investigated the effects of a BHB supplement, which raises BHB levels, on anxiety in adult individuals. The study found that the ketone drink significantly alleviated anxiety levels.

• Another study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet, which increases BHB levels, as a mood stabilizer for patients with anxiety disorders. The study found that the ketogenic diet significantly improved perceived mood and reduced anxiety amongst human patients.
  • A study published in the journal Molecular Neuroscience investigated the effects of BHB on anxiety-like behaviors in mice. The study found that BHB administration reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the mice.
  • Another study published in the Scientific Reports Journal investigated the effects of BHB on stress levels amongst rodents with PTSD. The study found that BHB improved reduced anxiety related behavior, an anti-depressant effect and lessened stress responses in the rodents.
  • Another study entitled “Blind Comparison of Two Different Compositions of Exogenous Ketones and Their Impact on Anxiety, Weight, Lean Muscle Mass and Cognitive Function” found a reduction of 39% in normal stress and anxiety in a group of 56 adults.

CONCLUSION

BHB (beta-hydroxybutyrate) has several powerful benefits for reducing normal stress and anxiety. While the exact mechanisms by which BHB works to reduce stress and anxiety are not fully understood, there is significant evidence to suggest that it may involve several different mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory effects, increased GABA levels, and improved brain function.

Overall, the available study evidence suggests that BHB may be one of most significant supplements in addressing the issue of normal stress and anxiety. It may be particularly beneficial for individuals who are looking for natural and non-pharmacological way to manage stress and anxiety daily.

REFERENCES

1. “Therapeutic Potential of Exogenous Ketone Supplement Induced Ketosis in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Review of Current Literature” Frontiers of Psychiatry 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6543248/
2. “Ketogenic Diet and Inflammation: Implications for Mood and Anxiety Disorders” Karkafi et al. Neuroinflammation, Gut-Brain Axis and Immunity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders 2023
3. “Exogenous Ketone Supplements Reduce Anxiety-Related Behavior in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk Rats” Molecular Neuroscience Journal. Ari et al. https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00137/full
4. “Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, attenuates anxiety-related behavior in a rodent post-traumatic stress disorder model” Scientific Reports 2020 Ymanashi et al. https://www. nature.com/articles/s41598-020-78410-2

goBHB’S role in improving Metabolic Health

goBHB is and will be one of the true keys to achieving metabolic health, improved wellness, the slowing of aging, and improving longevity. Simply put, goBHB is the master energy molecule capable of:

• Weight loss: goBHB can help to promote weight loss by increasing the body’s metabolic rate and helping to suppress appetite.
• Improved blood sugar control: goBHB can help to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes by reducing insulin resistance.
• Reduced inflammation: goBHB has anti-inflammatory properties.
• Improved brain function: goBHB provides the most efficient energy for the brain while being neuroprotective.
• Increased energy levels: goBHB can help to increase energy levels by providing a super-energy for the body.
• Improved athletic performance: goBHB provides a non-glucose source of energy for the body and by helping to reduce fatigue.
• Improved sleep: goBHB may help to reduce sleep disturbances such as tossing and turning, helping to enter into and stay in Deep Sleep.
• Reduced stress: goBHB reduces stress levels, which can improve sleep quality.
• Improved mood: goBHB may help to improve mood, which can also improve sleep quality.
• Anti-aging: goBHB may help to slow down the aging process by protecting cells from ROS damage and by promoting cell regeneration.
• Increased longevity: goBHB may reduce the risk of chronic diseases and by promotes overall health and well-being.

Beta Hydroxybutyrate (goBHB) used to Improve Metabolic Health, Wellness, Aging and Longevity

BHB has attracted significant attention due to its potential health benefits beyond its role in energy metabolism. Researchers have been exploring the physiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of BHB on wellness, metabolic health, and longevity.

According to the Global Burden of Disease Study conducted in 2017, it was estimated that around 95% of the global population had at least one health problem or illness, with the remaining 5% considered completely healthy. This study encompassed a wide range of diseases, including both communicable and non- communicable diseases, injuries, and other health conditions.

Deaths caused by chronic illnesses and related diseases are on the increase worldwide. The percentage of deaths from natural causes versus deaths from disease related causes varies depending on the country and the age group. In the United States, for example, about 80% of deaths in people over the age of 65 are from disease related causes, while about 20% are from natural causes.

Natural causes include things like old age, accidents, and injuries. Disease related causes include things like cancer, heart disease and stroke.

The percentage of deaths from natural causes is decreasing over time as people live longer and healthier lives. The percentage of deaths from disease related causes is increasing over time as people are living longer and are more likely to develop chronic diseases.

Here are some of the leading causes of death in the United States:

• Heart disease: 25.4%
• Cancer: 23.2%
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 5.4%
• Accidents (unintentional injuries): 4.6%
• Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 4.1%
• Alzheimer’s disease: 2.5%
• Diabetes: 2.4%
• Influenza and pneumonia: 2.2%
• Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 1.9%
• Suicide: 1.4%

As to aging and longevity, life expectancy in the USA has dropped over the past five years. In 2017, life expectancy at birth was 78.6 years. By 2022, it had dropped to 76.1 years. This is a decline of

2.5 years. Coupled with this, the Numbeo Quality of Life Index has dropped over the past five years. In 2017, the average score for all countries was 61.1. By 2022, the average score had dropped to

59.5. This is a decline of 2.8%.

By focusing on obesity in the context of metabolic health, wellness and aging, we can see that obesity leads to major risk factors for many chronic diseases including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer.  A study published in the journal JAMA found that obesity can shorten a person’s life expectancy by an average of 3 to 10 years. The study looked at data from over 100,000 people and found that those who were obese were more likely to die from heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.

BHB’S ROLE IN IMPROVING METABOLIC HEALTH

Metabolic health refers to the overall state of an individual’s metabolic functioning, particularly in relation to the processing, utilization, and regulation of energy and nutrients within the body. It involves the proper functioning of metabolic pathways, hormones, enzymes, and organs involved in metabolism such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and muscles.

Metabolic health is characterized by the body’s ability to efficiently convert food into energy, maintain stable blood glucose levels, regulate lipid metabolism, and effectively utilize and store nutrients. It is associated with factors such as insulin sensitivity, glucose control, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and body composition.

A person with good metabolic health typically exhibits balanced energy metabolism, with efficient utilization of glucose and fatty acids for energy production. They have stable blood glucose levels, low levels of circulating insulin, and a healthy lipid profile, including optimal levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipoproteins. Additionally, individuals with good metabolic health tend to have a healthy body weight, favorable body composition (appropriate ratio of lean mass to fat mass), and normal blood pressure.

On the other hand, poor metabolic health is often characterized by conditions such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid profile), obesity, and elevated blood pressure. These conditions increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other metabolic disorders.

Overall, metabolic health reflects the body’s ability to carry out metabolic processes effectively and harmoniously, promoting optimal energy utilization, nutrient metabolism, and overall well- being.

Several studies have indicated that good metabolic health is relatively rare in many populations, particularly in developed countries where sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and obesity rates are higher. For example, a study published in the journal Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders in 2014 found that only 12.2% of American adults had optimal metabolic health based on criteria such as blood pressure, glucose control, lipid profiles, and body composition.

goBHB supplementation is a safe and effective way to improve metabolic health. It has been proven to:

• Increase energy levels: BHB can provide a sustained source of natural energy, which can help people to feel more alert and energized throughout the day.
• Weight loss: BHB can help to promote weight loss by increasing the body’s ability to burn fat for energy and delivering appetite suppression.
• Reduce inflammation: BHB has anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce ROS, improve autophagy and help to improve overall health and well-being.
• Improve brain function: BHB, which passes through the blood brain barrier, can help to improve brain function by providing a source of natural energy for the brain. This can help to improve cognitive function and memory.
• Reduce risk of chronic diseases: BHB has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Here are some studies that support the benefits of BHB for metabolic health:

• A study published in the journal “Advanced Nutrition” found that BHB supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and reduced blood sugar levels amongst healthy participants.
• A study published in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology showed that a daily intake of BHB decreased the average waist circumference by 9cm amongst healthy adult participants over a 9 week period and this was achieved without dietary restriction or exercise intervention.
• Several studies have investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of BHB in adolescent and adult humans for brain injury. For example, a study published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience shows that BHB improved cognitive repair and behavioral outcomes in adolescent males with traumatic brain injury. Another study published in the journal Frontiers of Nutrition shows how BHB supplementation can prevent further damage post-concussion, improve cognitive and motor performance amongst patients with neurogenerative diseases.
• A study in the journal eBioMedicine demonstrates how the ketogenic diet had a favorable effect on reducing Alzheimer’s disease markers amongst subjects with mild cognitive impairment.

BHB’S ROLE IN IMPROVING WELLNESS

Wellness can be defined as a state of overall well-being encompassing various dimensions of health, including physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. It goes beyond the absence of illness and incorporates aspects such as optimal physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional balance, positive social relationships, and a sense of purpose and fulfillment.

Wellness involves actively pursuing a healthy and balanced lifestyle, making conscious choices that promote health, and striving for a harmonious integration of mind, body, and spirit. It is a dynamic process that requires continuous effort and self- care to achieve and maintain an optimal state of well-being. Wellness is about optimizing health, energy and vitality rather than managing disease.

Wellness is important because it’s a state of existence that can help you live a longer, healthier and happier life. When you are well, you have more energy, you are better able to cope with stress, and you are more likely to make healthy choices. Wellness can also help you to improve your relationships, your work performance, and most of all your overall quality of life. If you are not healthy it detracts from almost all aspects of your life.

In addition to supplementation with exogenous ketones, there are things that can be done to improve your wellness. Some of the most important things from a health perspective include:

• Eating a healthy diet: This means eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It also means limiting your intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.
  • A study published in the journal Nutritional Diabetes in 2017 found that overweight adults with type 2 diabetes on a ketogenic diet lowered their HbA1c, lost significantly more weight and reduced their medication compared with those on a moderate carbohydrate diet over a 12 month period.
  • Another study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health showed that a state of ketosis suppressed lipogenesis and increased weight loss amongst obese human participants.
  • A study published in the journal Nutrients in 2022 discussed how the Ketogenic Diet plays a role in modifying many metabolic pathways with favorable health effects, including to help reduce Cardiovascular Disease.
• Getting regular exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise most days of the week.
  • A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that people who exercised regularly were less likely to die from all causes than those who did not exercise. Another study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, found that exercise can help to improve cognitive function in older adults.
• Getting enough sleep: Most adults need around 7-8 hours of sleep per night.
  • A study published in the journal “Sleep” found that people who got 7-8 hours of sleep per night had a lower risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The study also found that people who got enough sleep had a lower risk of obesity and other chronic health conditions.
• Managing stress: Find healthy ways to manage stress, like as exercise, relaxation techniques, or spend time with loved ones.
  • A study published in the journal “The Lancet” found that stress and anxiety are responsible for 10% of the global burden of disease.

goBHB can help get the body into a ketogenic state. Ketosis is a metabolic state in which the body utilizes ketones for energy. BHB has been shown to have several benefits for health and wellness, including:

• Weight loss: BHB can help to promote weight loss by increasing the body’s metabolic rate and helping to suppress appetite.

• Improved blood sugar control: BHB can help to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes by reducing insulin resistance.
• Reduced Stress and Anxiety: BHB has been shown to increase brain GABA levels. GABA is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in calming the brain and reducing anxiety. BHB has been shown to increase GABA levels in the brain, which may help to reduce anxiety.
• Reduced inflammation: BHB has anti-inflammatory properties that can help to reduce inflammation throughout the body.
• Improved brain function: BHB can help to improve brain function by providing a source of energy for the brain and by protecting the brain from damage.
• Increased energy levels: BHB can help to increase energy levels by providing a source of natural energy for the body. BHB has 225% more energy than carbs.
• Improved athletic performance: BHB can help to improve athletic performance by providing a source of energy for the body and by helping to reduce fatigue.
• Improved Sleep: BHB can help get you into a deeper sleep as well as reducing sleep disturbances. One study found that people who took BHB supplements for 8 weeks had significantly more time spent in deep sleep than those who took a placebo. Another study found that BHB supplements improved sleep quality in children.
• Improved Mood: BHB may help to improve mood by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter’s serotonin and dopamine. One study published in the journal Frontiers of Psychiatry investigated the effects of a BHB supplement on anxiety in adult individuals. The study found that the ketone drink raised BHB levels, and significantly alleviated anxiety levels.
• Another study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet, which increases BHB levels, as a mood stabilizer for patients with anxiety disorders. The study found that the ketogenic diet significantly improved perceived mood and reduced anxiety amongst human patients.

BHB is a better metabolic fuel. Its more powerful, cleaner, and does not require an active transport to move it into mitochondria. BHB impacts wellness and if taken regularly can improve many different bio-markers of health.

BHB’S ROLE IN AGING AND LONGEVITY

Aging is a metabolic condition associated with the loss of mitochondria and mitochondrial function. As cells age, mitochondria can become damaged by oxidative stress and other factors associated with aging. This reduction in the number and efficiency of cell mitochondria leads to a diminished capacity for producing ATP.

ATP is the basic currency of energy used by the muscles, brain, organs, and other biological functions. As ATP production slows, the body reacts by shutting down biological functions that are less essential—such as cell proliferation, including the formation of new skin cells, heart cells, brain cells—to ensure that there is enough ATP to carry out the metabolic functions essential for maintaining life (such as those pertaining to the brain, heart, and other vital organs). The body acts on these choices by using epigenetic switching to silence the genes associated with less vital bodily functions. The goal is to keep all the switches turned on to all the vital bodily functions.

Another key factor related to aging is oxidative stress. It is considered one of the hallmarks to aging and thought to actively contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration. Normal physiological reactions in the body, as well as exogenous sources, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Over time, accumulation of ROS-related damage leads to age-associated tissue and organ function losses. The accumulation of ROS-related damage results from increased production of ROS and/or decreased antioxidant defenses against the ROS. Excessive ROS causes aging by damaging organs, tissue, and DNA directly through oxidizing bases, causing strand breaks. Indirectly ROS can impact DNA damage through Ionizing radiation, UVA radiation, and chemical agents. It has been suggested that the age-associated decline in blood levels of certain antioxidants may be a risk factor for neurodegeneration in the elderly.

Whether you are talking metabolic health, wellness or aging, preventing cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest in which a cell loses its ability to divide and proliferate, is key to vital living. Senescence can be triggered by various factors, including DNA damage, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, oncogene activation, and certain cellular stressors. All though senescent cells remain metabolically active they undergo significant changes in their gene expression, morphology, and function. As humans age, metabolic health and wellness become the challenge and reducing the number of senescent cells becomes the objective. As senescent cells increase they can impair tissue function and contribute to chronic inflammation. Senescent cells secrete various pro-inflammatory factors, growth factors, and matrix-degrading enzymes, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP can promote tissue dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and the development of age-related pathologies.

The control and removal of senescent cells is critical for overall metabolic health and wellness. Senescent cells can release harmful factors that can damage surrounding cells and tissues. They can also interfere with the normal function of organs and tissues. BHB helps to control and remove senescent cells in a number of ways.

First, BHB can induce the death of senescent cells through a process called apoptosis. Apoptosis is a natural process of cell death that is important for maintaining the health of the body. BHB can induce apoptosis in senescent cells by activating a protein called p53. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in regulating cell growth and death. In a study published in the journal Nature Medicine, researchers found that BHB was able to induce apoptosis in senescent cells. The researchers also found that BHB was able to suppress the production of inflammatory factors by senescent cells. Dr David Sinclair, author of ‘Lifespan’ has shown how a low sugar diet maintains cell health and prevents cell senescence; this contributes to fewer biomarkers of disease (and aging) and longer lifespans.

Second, BHB can suppress the production of inflammatory factors by senescent cells. Inflammatory factors can damage surrounding cells and tissues and contribute to the development of diseases. BHB can suppress the production of inflammatory factors by senescent cells by activating a protein called AMPK. AMPK is a metabolic sensor that plays a role in regulating inflammation.

Third, BHB can increase the production of antioxidants by the body. Antioxidants can help to protect cells from damage by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and tissues. BHB can increase the production of antioxidants by the body by activating a protein called Nrf2. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense. In a study published in the journal Aging, researchers found that BHB was able to increase the production of antioxidants by the body. The researchers also found that BHB was able to protect cells from damage by free radicals.

Fourth, BHB can help elevate the effects of fasting, exercise and calorie restriction in causing autophagy.

Longevity is the length of time a person or organism lives. Although longevity and aging are associated with each other, aging is a process and longevity is an outcome. It is somewhat intuitive to think that the prevention of aging automatically increases longevity, but that is not necessarily true. Someone can slowly age and then suddenly succumb to a sudden chronic disease, or lose their cognitive functionality as in the case in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Longevity is such a pervasive goal in everyone’s life, in our public health policies and in popular social media that billions of dollars are spent trying to achieve this elusive goal. There are perhaps as many reasons for wanting to live longer as there are individuals.

However, coupled to living longer is the quality of life issue. In many different surveys most people only want to live longer lives if it will translate to quality healthy living. So even as longevity is a very valued public health objective, at the individual level longer lives are a goal only if people can remain healthy.

STRATEGIES TO SLOW THE AGING PROCESS AND INCREASE QUALITY LONGEVITY

Looking at aging and longevity in a holistic view, it is arguable that healthy aging provides the means for enjoyable longevity. This means a long disease ridden life has been judged to have less value than a shorter healthy and active life.

Fundamentally, aging contains both a metabolic and genetic component. Aging is recognized as a complex process that involves both metabolic and genetic factors, including changes in cellular processes, DNA damage, and the accumulation of cellular waste can lead to a decline in physiological function and an increased risk of age-related diseases. While aging is presently thought to be a natural and unavoidable process, certain dietary lifestyle choices along with proper supplementation strategies can be utilized to not only (1) slow down or even reverse the aging process, but (2) promote overall health that leads to quality longevity.

Two major factors contributing to aging is the decline in mitochondrial function and mitochondrial proliferation.

The metabolism of BHB is associated with several beneficial effects including anticonvulsant effects, enhanced metabolism by the brain, neuroprotection, muscle sparing properties, and improved cognitive and physical performance. Science-based improvements in efficiency of cellular metabolism, managed through BHB supplementation, can have beneficial impacts on physical and cognitive health, psychological health, and a long-term impact on health with respect to the common avoidable diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Many of these are associated with aging and loss of a quality of life status.

BHB has been found to be a vital metabolic and signaling mediator with different biological roles coming from the different enantiomers of beta hydroxybutyrate. BHB is known to have a repertoire of therapeutic benefits and provide options for mitigating diseases of the nervous system, with prospective roles in cancer, as well as having intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular

disease. The signaling capability of ketones is continued to be explored in their ability to turn on and off different epigenetic and metabolic switches through ketone metabolism removing much of the classical dogma of ketones simply being an energy metabolite with limited function and application.

Recent studies now point to additional roles for BHB in cellular metabolism, metabolic homeostasis, and a wide range of signaling of physiological, epigenetic and pathological states. Apart from serving as the body’s preferred energy fuel for extrahepatic tissues like the brain, heart, or skeletal muscles, ketone bodies appear to play pivotal roles as signaling mediators, drivers of protein post-translational modification (PTM), and significant modulators of inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, research is now starting to point to BHB as having the ability to mediate epigenetics opening a whole new world of modern thinking about the role of ketone bodies and their metabolism in human function and health.

BHB is processed differently in the mitochondria than glucose. BHB gives mitochondria their unique characteristics in the production of ATP, reduces reaction oxygen species and reduces oxidative stress on a cellular level.

BHB has numerous positive metabolic impacts such as:

• Causing weight loss and allowing for better weight maintenance, suppressing appetite, sparing muscle loss, increasing fat loss, improving body composition
• Elevating and maintaining blood ketone levels, maintaining blood ketone levels, reducing blood glucose levels, maintaining blood glucose levels
• Improving focus, and brain energy, increasing cognitive function
• Reducing the effects of traumatic brain injury
• Controlling glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetes
• Reducing neurological disorders, epilepsy, depression
• Impacting cancer tumor growth
• Controlling inflammatory conditions
• Impacting anti-aging, fibroblast reactivation, anti-glycation
• Increasing performance and strength

BHB will be one of the key ingredients to mastering aging and longevity in our lifetimes.

BHB’S ROLE IN IMPROVING METABOLIC HEALTH

BHB is and will be one of the true keys to achieving metabolic health, improved wellness, the slowing of aging, and improving longevity. Simply put BHB is the master energy molecule capable of:

• Weight loss: BHB can help to promote weight loss by increasing the body’s metabolic rate and helping to suppress appetite.
• Improved blood sugar control: BHB can help to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes by reducing insulin resistance.
• Reduced inflammation: BHB has anti-inflammatory properties that can help to reduce inflammation throughout the body.
• Improved brain function: BHB can help to improve brain function by providing a source of energy for the brain and by protecting the brain from damage.
• Increased energy levels: BHB can help to increase energy levels by providing a natural source of energy for the body.
• Improved athletic performance: BHB can help to improve athletic performance by providing a source of energy for the body and by helping to reduce fatigue.
• Improved sleep: BHB may help to improve sleep by reducing sleep disturbances such as tossing and turning, and by increasing total sleep time.
• Reduced stress: BHB reduces stress levels, which can improve sleep quality.
• Improved mood: BHB may help to improve mood, which can also improve sleep quality.
• Anti-aging: BHB may help to slow down the aging process by protecting cells from damage and by promoting cell regeneration.
• Increased longevity: BHB may help to increase longevity by reducing the risk of chronic diseases and by promoting overall health and well-being.

BHB has the potential to improve a variety of health conditions that promote wellness. BHB is a safe and natural compound that can be used by people of all ages and health conditions.

REFERENCES

1. Falkenhain K, Daraei A, Forbes SC, Little JP. Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2022 Oct 2;13(5):1697-1714. doi: 10.1093/ advances/nmac036. PMID: 35380602; PMCID: PMC9526861. https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526861/
2. “Daily intake of D-B-Hydroxybutyrate Acid (D-BHB) Reduces Body Fat in Japanese Adult Participant: A Randomized, Double-Blnid, Placebo- Controlled Study.” Kastsuya et al. The Journal of Nutrional Science and Vitaminology 2023
3. Daily intake of D-B-Hydroxybutyrate Acid (D-BHB) Reduces Body Fat in Japanese Adult Participant: A Randomized, Double-Blnid, Placebo- Controlled Study.” Kastsuya et al. The Journal of Nutrional Science and Vitaminology 2023
4. Dietary Supplementation With the Ketogenic Diet Metabolite Beta- Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Post-TBI Aggression in Young-Adult Male DrosophilaLee et al. 2019 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736687/
5. “Ketone Supplementation: Meeting the Needs of the Brain in an Energy Crisis” Frontiers of Nutrition 2021. https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.783659/full
6. Nagpal R, Neth BJ, Wang S, Craft S, Yadav H. Modified Mediterranean- ketogenic diet modulates gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in association with Alzheimer’s disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. EBioMedicine. 2019 Sep;47:529-542. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.032. Epub 2019 Aug 30. PMID: 31477562; PMCID: PMC6796564. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/ article/PIIS2352-3964(19)30554-7/fulltext
7. Saslow LR, Daubenmier JJ, Moskowitz JT, Kim S, Murphy EJ, Phinney SD, Ploutz-Snyder R, Goldman V, Cox RM, Mason AE, Moran P, Hecht FM. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate- carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes. 2017 Dec 21;7(12):304. doi: 10.1038/s41387-017-0006-9. PMID: 29269731; PMCID: PMC5865541. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29269731/
8. “Ketogenic Diet for Obesity: Friend or Foe?” 2013 https://www.mdpi. com/1660-4601/11/2/2092
9. Mohammadifard N, Haghighatdoost F, Rahimlou M, Rodrigues APS, Gaskarei MK, Okhovat P, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA, Sarrafzadegan N. The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Shared Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 25;14(17):3499. doi: 10.3390/ nu14173499. PMID: 36079756; PMCID: PMC9459811. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36079756/
10. Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402637/
11. Long-Term Effects of a Novel Continuous Remote Care Intervention Including Nutritional Ketosis for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A 2-Year Non-randomized Clinical Trial https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6561315/
12. Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/abs/pii/S2161831323000340
13. Exogenous Ketone Supplements Reduce Anxiety-Related Behavior in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk Rats. https://www. frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00137/full
14. Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5102124/
16. “Ketone Supplementation: Meeting the Needs of the Brain in an Energy Crisis” Frontiers of Nutrition 2021. https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.783659/full
17. “Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC7699472/
18. Cuenoud B, Hartweg M, Godin JP, Croteau E, Maltais M, Castellano CA, Carpentier AC, Cunnane SC. Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta- Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney. Front Nutr. 2020 Feb 19;7:13. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00013. PMID: 32140471; PMCID: PMC7042179. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC7042179/
19. Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/29108901/
20. The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance in Off-Road Cyclists https://www.mdpi.com/2072- 6643/6/7/2493/htm
21. Ketogenic Diet Improves Sleep Quality in Children with Therapy- resistant Epilepsy https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1528- 1167.2006.00834.x
22. “Therapeutic Potential of Exogenous Ketone Supplement Induced Ketosis in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Review of Current Literature” Frontiers of Psychiatry 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6543248/
23. “Ketogenic Diet and Inflammation: Implications for Mood and Anxiety Disorders” Karkafi et al. Neuroinflammation, Gut-Brain Axis and Immunity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders 2023

goBHB to Turbo Charge Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting is America’s #1 followed lifestyle diet. Intermittent Fasting is an established eating plan that switches between fasting and eating on a regular schedule.

There are key reasons why people choose to practice intermittent fasting, including:

• Weight loss
• Improved insulin sensitivity
• Enhanced brain function
• Reduced Inflammation
• Improved longevity
• Induces autophagy and various cellular repair processes
• Heart health

Challenges of Intermittent Fasting

• Hunger and cravings
• Fatigue
• Initial discomfort
• Nutrient deficiencies
• Risk of overeating
• Dehydration

Hormonal differences between men and women that could potentially impact the effectiveness of intermittent fasting. Strategies that women can do to optimize their fasting results:

• Stay Hydrated and Well-Nourished
• Choose a Suitable Fasting Schedule
• Monitor Hormonal Health
• Manage Stress and Sleep

THE ROLE OF goBHB IN MITIGATING THE CHALLENGES AND ENHANCING INTERMITTENT FASTING

Using goBHB to boost your Intermittent Fasting provides:

• The ONLY real macronutrient energy that can be taken during a fast that DOESN’T break the fast, thus eliminating tiredness and the feeling of a lack of energy.
• goBHB suppress appetite and cravings.
• goBHB improves mood, and the feeling of well-being.
• goBHB provides needed hydration.
• goBHB aids the body in entering and sustaining the critical states of ketosis and autophagy.
• goBHB FEEDS THE BRAIN!

Using goBHB to Enhance Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting is America’s #1 followed lifestyle diet. Put simply, Intermittent Fasting is an established daily eating plan that switches between fasting and eating on a regular schedule. In 2020, 24% of USA adults, approximately 62,000,000 had tried intermittent fasting! Intermittent fasting is now the most popular diet, over taking the highly popular keto diet.

There are key reasons why people choose to practice intermittent fasting, including:

1. Weight loss: Intermittent fasting can help individuals lose weight by reducing their calorie intake and increasing their metabolic rate. Fat loss is highly oriented towards reducing visceral fat. Lower insulin levels, higher HGH levels, and increased amounts of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) all increase the breakdown of body fat and facilitate its use for energy and jump starts lipolysis leading to Ketosis, the burning of fat for energy.
2. Improved insulin sensitivity: Intermittent fasting can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, which can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
3. Enhanced brain function: Some studies suggest that intermittent fasting can improve cognitive function and protect against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. What’s good for the body is often good for the brain as well. Intermittent fasting improves various metabolic features known to be important for brain health. Intermittent fasting helps:
   • improve focus and memory
   • increase BDNF neurotropic factor
   • reduce oxidative stress
   • reduce inflammation
   • generate ketones
   • reduce blood sugar levels
4. Reduced inflammation: Intermittent fasting can reduce inflammation in the body, which may lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
5. Improved longevity: Some animal studies suggest that intermittent fasting can increase lifespan and delay the onset of age-related diseases. Two of the key longevity targets are the reduction in Reactive Oxygen Species and inflammation in the body. ROS causes aging and many chronic diseases. It involves unstable molecules called free radicals. Free radicals react with other important molecules, such as protein and DNA, and damage them. It is also a major contributor to inflammation.
6. Induces Autophagy and various cellular repair processes: When we fast, the cells in the body initiate Autophagy, a cellular “waste removal” process. This involves the cells breaking down and metabolizing broken and dysfunctional proteins that build up inside cells over time. Increased autophagy provides protection against diseases and creates a “clean playing field” for new cell growth.
7. Heart Health: Heart disease is currently the world’s biggest killer. Intermittent fasting has been shown to improve numerous risk factors of heart disease, including:
   • blood sugar levels
   • blood pressure
   • blood triglycerides
   • total cholesterol and LDL (bad) cholesterol

THE GENERAL CHALLENGES OF INTERMITTENT FASTING

While intermittent fasting can offer great health benefits, it can also pose some tough challenges, including:

• Hunger and cravings: Some individuals may experience hunger and cravings during the fasting periods, which can make it difficult to adhere to the fasting schedule.
• Fatigue: Many individuals experience fatigue due to a depletion of glucose and an underproduction of ketones during the fasting period. This leads to a hypoglycemic and hypo ketonemic state where the body lacks energy.
  • Initial discomfort: During the initial stages of intermittent fasting, individuals may experience discomfort as their body adjusts to the new eating pattern.
  • Nutrient deficiencies: If individuals do not consume enough nutrients during the eating periods, they may experience nutrient deficiencies and other health problems.
  • Risk of overeating: Some individuals may be tempted to overeat during the eating periods, which can negate the benefits of the fasting periods.
  • Dehydration: Some individuals do not drink enough water during an intermittent fast resulting in their body’s becoming low in key electrolytes.

THE GENDER CHALLENGES OF INTERMITTENT FASTING

While intermittent fasting can offer great health benefits to both men and women, a significant complaint from intermittent fasting women is they do not see the same early weight loss results that is achieved by men. While this has been observable, It is also important to note that “success” with intermittent fasting can be measured in other ways than weight loss. Other potential benefits, such as improved metabolic health or increased longevity, are both benefits for men and women.

However, in recognition of the often described differences of intermittent fasting for women versus men, there are some key biological and hormonal differences between men and women that could potentially impact the effectiveness of intermittent fasting:

• Menstrual Cycle: Women’s bodies go through a monthly hormonal cycle that can influence hunger, metabolism, and energy levels. Some women find that fasting is more challenging during certain parts of their cycle.
  • Body Composition: On average, men have a higher proportion of muscle mass compared to women. Since muscle burns more calories than fat, men might potentially lose weight more quickly or easily with intermittent fasting.

• Hormonal Balance: Fasting can impact hormone levels. In women, prolonged fasting may potentially disrupt hormonal balance, leading to issues like missed periods or fertility problems.
• Metabolic Rate: Men often have a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) than women because they tend to have more lean muscle mass. This higher BMR means that men can often consume more calories while still maintaining or losing weight, which might make fasting easier.

THE ROLE OF goBHB IN MITIGATING THE CHALLENGES AND ENHANCING INTERMITTENT FASTING

During an intermittent fast, the body begins to burn stored fat for energy, which leads to an increase in ketone production, especially BHB. Typically, after an overnight fast, the body will start producing ketones, including BHB, within a few hours. The levels of BHB in the blood will then gradually increase over time, peaking after 24-72 hours of fasting. While the levels of BHB after 16 hours of fasting can vary widely between individuals, studies have shown that typically, after 12-24 hours of fasting, BHB levels can range from 0.2 to 1.5 mmol/L.

The hallmark mechanisms of fasting are the increase of BHB and reduced caloric intake. Coupled together they form the basis for producing all the benefits derived during an intermittent fast. The greater the BHB, the greater the benefits.

And while your body makes a limited number of ketones during your fasting hours, they aren’t enough to always overcome the Challenges and deliver all the benefits mentioned above.

Using goBHB to boost your Intermittent Fasting provides:

• The ONLY real macronutrient energy that can be taken during a fast that DOESN’T break the fast, thus eliminating tiredness and the feeling of a lack of energy.
• BHB Ketones suppress appetite and cravings.
• BHB Ketones improve mood, and the feeling of well-being.
• BHB Ketones provide needed hydration.
• BHB Ketones aid the body in entering and sustaining the critical states of ketosis and autophagy.
• BHB Ketones FEED THE BRAIN!

While recognizing the biological and physiological differences between men and women, these differences can affect how each gender responds to intermittent fasting. In addition to adding energy and nutrition, there are several strategies that women can also utilize to optimize their experience and results:

• Stay Hydrated and Well-Nourished: During your fast and your eating windows, focus on energy levels. During your fast make sure your ketone levels are well above 0.5mmol/l and during your fasting window eat nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other key nutrients. Utilize BHB throughout your day to help keep your energy levels high and stable. BHB will also provide much needed electrolytes.
• Adapt Gradually: Instead of jumping straight into a rigorous fasting schedule, you might find it easier to gradually extend the length of your overnight fast. This could help your body adjust to the new eating pattern more smoothly.
• Choose a Suitable Fasting Schedule: There are various types of intermittent fasting, and not all of them may suit everyone equally. Some women find that less intense forms of fasting, such as the 5:2 diet or a 14:10 fasting to eating ratio, can be more manageable and beneficial.
• Monitor Hormonal Health: If you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle, mood, or other signs that could indicate hormonal disruption, consider consulting a healthcare provider. Adjusting your fasting schedule or taking other steps may be necessary.
• Combine with Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve your metabolic health and assist with weight management. Try to find a type of exercise that you enjoy and that fits into your schedule.
• Listen to Your Body: Everyone’s body reacts differently to intermittent fasting. If you’re feeling overly stressed, fatigued, or hungry, it might be a sign that you need to adjust your approach. It’s essential to prioritize your overall well-being over sticking strictly to a fasting schedule.
• Manage Stress and Sleep: Stress and lack of sleep can impact your hormones and make it more difficult to lose weight. Incorporating stress management techniques like meditation or yoga and ensuring you get enough quality sleep can support your intermittent fasting goals.

THE STUDIES AND SCIENCE BEHIND USING goBHB DURING AN INTERMITTENT FAST

• Raises Blood Ketone Levels. Ketones are high energy molecules used for fuel during periods of fasting. Ketones not only supply a high level of cellular energy to create ATP, they are also potent signaling molecules with major effects on cell and organ functions and could be linked to epigenetic switching governing metabolic health.
  When you fast, your body activates Ketogenesis that increases the level of your blood ketones putting your body into a highly beneficial metabolic state called “ketosis.” Ketosis activates a variety of cellular signaling pathways known to influence health and aging.
• Improves Metabolic Flexibility. Intermittent fasting allows improved metabolic flexibility, where the body switches its energy source from glucose to ketones to glucose and so on. This repeated exposure to fasting periods results in lasting adaptive energy responses that confer resistance to subsequent health and environmental challenges and improves mental and physical performance. The “broad-spectrum benefits” of intermittent fasting make this one of if not the most powerful lifestyle diets for improving health, resisting disease and impacting aging.
• Reduces Insulin levels. Blood levels of insulin significantly lower, which facilitates fat burning and hunger control. The impact of ketones also carries over to the non-fasting period and can continue to improve glucose regulation, increase stress resistance and suppress inflammation.
• Promotes Cellular repair and autophagy. The body induces important cellular repair processes, such as removing waste material from cells. Autophagy is your body’s cellular recycling system. It allows a cell to disassemble its junk parts and repurpose the salvageable bits and pieces into new, usable cell parts. A cell can discard the parts it doesn’t need. Autophagy is essentially “quality control for your cells.”
• Gene expression (epigenetics). There are beneficial changes in several genes and molecules related to longevity and protection against disease.
• Improves the function of mitochondrial cells. The powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondria. As the cell is cleared of “junk” through autophagy, the cellular function of the mitochondria improves its efficiency in producing cellular energy in the form of ATP.

CONCLUSION

goBHB is the ONLY energy rich macronutrient fuel that you can take that DOESN’T break your fast, that overcomes the Challenges of Intermittent Fasting while enhancing all the benefits your body gets from being in a fasting state.

REFERENCES

1. “Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney” https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013/full, Frontiers in Nutrition 2020
2. “On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans” Stubbs et al, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00848/full  Frontiers in Nutrition 2017
3. “B-hydroxybutyrate and its metabolic effects on age-associated pathology” Han et al. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 2020. https:// www.nature.com/articles/s12276-020-0415-z
4. “Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes” Cox et al. Cell Metabolism 2017. https:// w w w. cell. com/cell- metabolism/ fulltext / S1550 – 4131(16) 30355 – 2 ? _ r e t ur n U R L= h t t p s % 3 A % 2 F% 2 F li nk i n g hub . e l s e v i e r . com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1550413116303552%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
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6. “Exogenous Ketones as Therapeutic Signaling Molecules in High- Stress Occupations: Implications for Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Future Research” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights Waldman et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC7734540/
7. “Exogenous ketosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Safety, tolerability and effect on glycaemic control” Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 2021 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/edm2.264
8. “Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” Advanced Nutrition 2022 Falkenhain et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC9526861/
9. “Upregulation of hepatic autophagy under nutritional ketosis” Likiewicz et al. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/33705944/
10. “Ketogenic diet reduces mid-life mortality and improves memory in aging mice
11. “ Newman et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605815/
12. “Ketone bodies: from enemy to friend and guardian angel” BMC Medicine 2021Kolb et al. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s12916-021-02185-0
13. “The addition of ketone bodies alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring complex I assembly in a MELAS cellular model” Frey et al. Molecular Basis of Disease Journal, 2017 https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0925443916302812
14. “Ketogenic Diets and Mitochondrial Function: Benefits for Aging But Not for Athletes” Pathak et al. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 2023

In a dynamic, ever-growing world focused on improving cellular energy and metabolism, Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) stands out as the most exceptionally versatile and efficient cellular fuel source. BHB is an evolutionary and crucial molecule that surpasses any other cellular energy source in its ability to positively impact health, longevity, and performance, making BHB the gold standard for cellular energy.

REASONS WHY BHB IS THE GOLD STANDARD

• BHB when metabolized, generates more energy per unit of oxygen consumed than glucose.
• BHB is considered “clean” because the way it is metabolizes in the body results in less production of ROS and harmful byproducts compared to glucose.
• BHBis notjust anenergysource, it’s also a signaling molecule.
• BHB exhibits unique neuroprotective properties, enhancing neuronal health and cognitive function.
• BHB can help to improve brain function by increasing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

SWITCH OF CELLULAR ENERGY PARADIGMS

Glucose, primarily derived from carbohydrates, was previously considered the body’s preferred fuel. Studies discover that glucose is a “dirty” fuel, meaning that as it is metabolized in the body and produces energy, it also produces harmful byproducts. Below are some health concerns that are the results of a glucose fed cellular energy state.

• Obesity
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Cancer
• Chronic Inflammation
• Depression and Anxiety
• Brain Disorders